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Section 4.4

Section 4.4. Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay. Objectives. Explain relationship between unstable nuclei and radioactive decay Characterize alpha, beta, and gamma radiation in terms of mass and change. Review. Recall chemical reactions Are new substances formed?

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Section 4.4

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  1. Section 4.4 Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay

  2. Objectives • Explain relationship between unstable nuclei and radioactive decay • Characterize alpha, beta, and gamma radiation in terms of mass and change

  3. Review • Recall chemical reactions • Are new substances formed? • Were atoms affected/changed? • Chemical reactions only involve electrons • Nucleus is NOT affected in CHEMICAL REACTIONS

  4. Nuclear Reactions • DO change the nucleus • Atoms of one element change into atoms of another

  5. Radioactivity • Substance spontaneously emits radiation • Rays and particles are called radiation • Atoms change into other elements

  6. Unstable Systems • Radioactivity occurs when an atom’s nucleus is unstable • Unstable systems gain stability by losing energy

  7. Radioactive Decay • Unstable nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation spontaneously • Radiates until stable • New atom forms

  8. Types of Radiation • Alpha • Beta • Gamma

  9. Alpha Radiation • Deflects toward a negative charge • Alpha particles • 2 protons & 2 neutrons • 42He or  • Blocked by only a thin sheet of paper

  10. Nuclear Equation 22688 Ra  22286Rn + 42He Radium Radon

  11. Beta Radiation • Deflect toward positive charge • Beta particles,  • Electron (-1 charge) • Aluminum blocks beta radiation 146C  147N + 0-1

  12. Gamma Radiation • High energy radiation • No mass • No charge • Most dangerous • Accompany  or  particles • Account for energy lost • CANNOT form new atom on its own 00

  13. Characteristics of Radiation Types

  14. Practice 6027Co  6028Ni + ____ 24195Am  ____ + 42He

  15. Practice Solution • Complete the following nuclear reactions: 6027Co  6028Ni + 0-1 24195Am  23793Np + 42He

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