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Oceania

Oceania . 60,000 yrs. ago. Prehistoric land bridges, lower seas permit migration 10,000 yrs. Ago Torres Strait separates Australia & New Guinea II. Early hunter-gatherer societies in Australia, Plant-based diet, meats No agriculture. The Societies of Oceania. II. New Guinea

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Oceania

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  1. Oceania

  2. 60,000 yrs. ago Prehistoric land bridges, lower seas permit migration 10,000 yrs. Ago Torres Strait separates Australia & New Guinea II. Early hunter-gatherer societies in Australia, Plant-based diet, meats No agriculture

  3. The Societies of Oceania II. New Guinea Started as h/g 10,000 split II. Outrigger canoes for open-sea travel Migrants from S/E Asia, some settled – pop. Growth, job spec. soc.classes Swine herding, root cultivation ca. 5000 B.C.E. Small-scale trade of surplus food, some goods Pearly oyster shells, spears, boomerangs

  4. Aborigine of the Naomi Tribe Austronesian craft stabilized by Outrigger

  5. The Development of Pacific Island Societies “Lapita Peoples” - Established in almost all islands in early centuries B.C.E. (Austronesians) - Trade between island groups - Long-distance voyaging on intermittent basis - Brought sweet potatoes from South America ca. 300 C.E. - Voyages preserved in oral traditions

  6. Polynesian Religion Priests as intermediaries to divine tied to environment - Myths, stories about geological features - Rituals to ensure continuing food supply Gods of war, agriculture most prominent Ceremonial precinct or temple: marae (heiau in Hawaiian)

  7. Population Growth Extensive cultivation Fishing innovations Population density leads to social strife, economic degradation Fierce fighting, cannibalism, ca. 1500 C.E.

  8. New Zealand 430-432 Maori People : Orig. Chinese to S/E/ Asian migrants to Eastern Polynesians 1200-1350 CE Agriculturalists, warrior culture Oral History Control “Mana” land, chiefdoms, cooperative villages Tribal conflicts, fate of the conquered? Cannibalism? Carving, weaving, pottery, Staple crop sweet potatoes (South America dispute?) Kapahaka – traditional Maori Dance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ofj3dCKyI38

  9. Settler communities establishedTimber & Fertile soilBritish government encouraged Maori leaders in 1840 to sign the Treaty of Waitangi, from Protectorate to colony 1800 Maori pop. 200,000 in 1900 45,000 European numbers climbed to 750,000.

  10. Elders Lewis Moeau and HiriaHapegave them a traditional 'hongi' welcome by rubbing noses

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