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NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE

NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE. Tuesday, October 9, 2012. What are noncommunicable diseases. Diseases that do not spread (not contagious) Chronic, or long-lasting. Causes of noncommunicable diseases. Present at birth Problems may occur during the development or birth of a baby

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NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE

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  1. NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE Tuesday, October 9, 2012

  2. What are noncommunicable diseases • Diseases that do not spread (not contagious) • Chronic, or long-lasting

  3. Causes of noncommunicable diseases • Present at birth • Problems may occur during the development or birth of a baby • Heredity (allergies, muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia) • Lifestyle diseases • Unhealthy habits (weight, physically inactive, tobacco) • Environmental disease • Poisons in the environment (lung cancer, asthma) • pollution

  4. Types of Noncommunicable Diseases • Heart disease • Cancer • Allergies • Asthma • Diabetes

  5. HEART DISEASE • #1 CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE U.S. • Problems of the heart and blood vessels • LESSEN CHANCES BY: • Staying active • Maintaining a healthy weight • Eating nutritious foods • Managing stress • Avoiding tobacco products

  6. TYPES OF HEART DISEASE • ARTERIOSCLEROSIS – condition in which the artery walls thicken, harden, and do not stretch as easily. This causes a decrease in blood flow. Often referred to as “hardening of the arteries”. • ATHEROSCLEROSIS – a type of arteriosclerosis. Fatty deposits called PLAQUE (mostly cholesterol) build up on the inside of arteries, causing blockages

  7. TYPES OF HEART DISEASE • STROKE – destruction of brain tissue caused by lack of blood flow to the brain • HEART ATTACK – death of heart tissue caused by lack of blood flow to the heart • HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE – the blood exerts a high force on the walls of the arteries for a long period of time; “hypertension”

  8. TREATING HEART DISEASE • Medication (dissolves blood clots, enlarges blood vessels, lowers blood pressure, controls heartbeat) • Surgery (open up blocked artiers, insert devices to regulate the heartbeat, heart transplant) • Changes in lifestyle (physical activity, healthy eating, avoid tobacco)

  9. CANCER • A disease caused by abnormal cells that grow out of control. • #2 CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE U.S. • Begin as tumors (masses of abnormal cells) • “benign” – noncancerous (do not spread) • “malignant” – cancerous (spread)

  10. DETECTING CANCER7 WARNING SIGNS • Change in bowel or bladder habits • A sore that does not heal • Unusual bleeding or discharge • Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere • Indigestion or difficulty swallowing • Obvious change in a wart or mole • Nagging cough or hoarseness

  11. TREATING CANCER • SURGERY • Used to remove tumors • Repairs damaged organs • RADIATION • Destroys cancer cells • CHEMOTHERAPY • Destroys cancer cells using powerful drugs • Can be used when the cancer has spread throughout the body

  12. ALLERGIES • Body’s sensitivity to certain substances. These substances that cause allergic reactions are called ALLERGENS. • Your immune system reacts as if germs entered your body • No cure; medicines relieve symptoms

  13. ASTHMA • A chronic breathing disease caused by allergies, physical exertion, air pollution, or other factors. • Factors that trigger attacks include pollen, mold, dander in animal fur or hair, foods, smoke, physical activity, cold virus…… • Medication

  14. DIABETES • A disease that prevents the body from using the sugars and starches in food for energy. • Problems with insulin (hormone produced by the pancreas that moves sugars into cells) • TYPE 1 DIABETES – the body does not produce insulin • TYPE 2 DIABETES – prevents the body from using insulin effectively • Being overweight or inactive contributes to TYPE 2

  15. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES • EXCESS PRODUCTION OF URINE • INCREASE HUNGER AND THIRST • WEIGHT LOSS • LACK OF ENERGY • BLURRED VISION

  16. TREATMENT OF DIABETES • REGULAR CHECKS OF BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL • REGULATING FOOD CHOICES • CONTROLLING WEIGHT • ORAL MEDICATION • INSULIN INJECTIONS

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