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Planets & Stars. S4E1. Students will compare and contrast the physical attributes of stars, star patterns, and planets. a. Recognize the physical attributes of stars in the night sky such as number, size, color and patterns.
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Planets & Stars S4E1. Students will compare and contrast the physical attributes of stars, star patterns, and planets. a. Recognize the physical attributes of stars in the night sky such as number, size, color and patterns. b. Compare the similarities and differences of planets to the stars in appearance, position, and number in the night sky. c. Explain why the pattern of stars in a constellation stays the same, but a planet can be seen in different locations at different times. d. Identify how technology is used to observe distant objects in the sky. S4E2. Students will model the position and motion of the earth in the solar system and will explain the role of relative position and motion in determining sequence of the phases of the moon. a. Explain the day/night cycle of the earth using a model. b. Explain the sequence of the phases of the moon. c. Demonstrate the revolution of the earth around the sun and the earth’s tilt to explain the seasonal changes. d. Demonstrate the relative size and order from the sun of the planets in the solar system.
S4E2a Day & Night Every day, the sun seems to rise in the east. It reaches its highest point around noon. Later, it appears to set in the west. Darkness follows. We have this cycle of day and night because the Earth rotates, or spins, on its axis. Earth’s axis is an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles.
When a place on Earth faces the sun, that place has day. When that place faces away from the sun, it has night. Earth’s cycle of daylight and darkness repeats about every 24 hours.
Our system of time is based on this 24 hour cycle. Long ago, people in different places used local time. Local time was based on when sunrise and sunset happened in that place. Because sunrise and sunset occur at different times in different places, there was no exact way to tell time. In 1884, people set up 24 time zones around the world. Each time zone represents one of the hours in the day. All the places within a time zone, from Puerto Rico in the east to Hawaii in the west. Mr. Parr Earth’s orbit song
Investigate Somewhere in the World Right Now. From Picture-Perfect Science Lessons page 263 Written by Karen Ansberry and Emily Morgan
Writing Suppose a friend form the Southern Hemisphere plans to visit you in December. Write a letter in which you explain what kind of clothes to pack and why. Friendly letter template on the next slide. Science writing self assessment after template. (Taken from Writing Strategies for Science by Sarah K Clark) (Rubric in teaching resources).
_________________________________ Dear ___________________________, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________, ____________________________
Name: ____________________________________________________________ Self-Assessment Title: ___________________________________ Date: _________________ Topic: _________________________________________________________ Directions: Answer the questions below to self-assess your writing. 1. Capitalization __________ Did I capitalize the first word of each sentence? __________ Did I capitalize proper nouns such as names and places? 2. Punctuation __________ Did I put a ., !, or a ? at the end of each sentence? __________ Did I use commas in a series? __________ Did I use commas in dates? __________ Have I been careful not to use the exclamation point too much? __________ Have I used quotation marks when I needed them? 3. Handwriting __________ Did I write neatly? __________ Are there missing words that need to be added? __________ Are there extra words that need to be deleted? 4. Spelling __________ Did I check my spelling? 5. Overall Content __________ Have I been clear about the topic of my writing? __________ Is it easy to tell what the main idea is? __________ Have I used any special words or phrases that add to my writing? __________ Are there any words or phrases that are confusing? __________ Have I used an interesting lead? __________ Have I considered what would make my writing better? 6. Science Content __________ Did I use the correct science terms? __________ Did I write about the science topic accurately? __________ Did I do adequate research on the science topic? __________ Did I use my own words? __________ Do I clearly understand the science topic I am writing about?
S4E2b Moon PhasesRead the Moon Book by Gail Gibbons The moon is a large object that revolves around Earth. It takes about 29 ½ days for the moon to complete one orbit. The moon’s light is reflected sunlight. Over 29 ½ days, the moon’s shape seems to change. The different shapes are called phases. These phases follow a regular pattern, or cycle. What causes these changes? As the moon orbits Earth, we see different amounts of its lit surface.
When we see all of the moon’s lit side, this is a full moon. After that you see less of the moon each day. After about 15 days, you cannot see any of the lit side. This is a new moon. For about 15 days after the new moon, we see more and more of the moon. Finally, we see all of the lit side again. Then the cycle repeats.
HSP Science Moon Phases Mr. Parr’s Moon Phases
Writing Write a story about life on the moon. What would you do with an entire day of light? Or total darkness?
S4E2c Earth’s Tilt and the Seasons Night comes after day. Spring comes after winter. These changes happen because of the two different ways that Earth moves. Earth turns around on it axis. It takes about 24 hours for Earth to make one full turn. Earth also revolves, or travels in a path around the sun. An orbit is the path of one object in pace around another. Earth’s orbit takes about 365 days, or one year.
As Earth revolves, one part is tilted toward the sun. This part receives more eat and light. It is summer there. The other part of Earth is tilted away from the sun. That part of Earth receives less heat and light. It is winter there. The seasons change as Earth orbits the sun. This happens because the part of Earth that is tilted toward the sun changes.
S4E2d Our Solar System A solar system (solar is Latin for sun) is a group of objects in space that travel around a star. The sun is the star in the center of our solar system. Our solar system has different kinds of objects. There are planets, “dwarf planets,” moons, and asteroids. A planet is a large object that revolves around a star in a clear orbit. A “dwarf planet” also revolves around a star, but its path is not clear of other objects. Our solar system has eight planets. They all orbit the sun. Scientists put these planets into two groups. The inner planets are closer to the sun. The outer planets are farther from the sun. These two groups are separated by a ring of small, rocky objects. These objects are asteroids. Planet sizes- marble, ping pong ball, basketball (page 75 science book)
Inner Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth , Mars Rocky surfaces Smaller than outer planets No more than 2 moons Outer Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Made of gases (gas giants) Larger than inner planets Have many moons Compare & Contrasting What’s the same? Both inner and outer planets are a part of the solar system. All planets orbit the sun.
How can you remember the order of the planets from the Sun? My Very Energetic Mother Just Saw Unpopular Nerds. My Vacuum Eats My Jumper, Shirt, Underwear…. Nasty!! Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Can you come up with your own way? Blast off on a Trip through Our Solar System Mr. Parr Planets Around a Star Song
Investigate Distance between the Planets. (Lab Manual) Inner/Outer Planets foldable. Big book of science foldables page 49
Writing Write a story with at least 2 characters… Include 5 facts about the planet you are studying.
From Integrating Science with Reading Instruction Pages 92-96
S4E1a StarsEQ: How do I determine the size, color, and brightness of stars? A star is a huge ball of very hot gas that gives off its own light. The sun is only one of many stars you can see. There are many billions of stars. You can see many stars with your eyes alone, but you need a telescope to see most stars. They are very far from Earth and from each other.
Properties of Stars • Color • Size • Brightness
Color Stars come in different colors. A star’s color depends on how hot its surface is. The hottest stars are blue, and the coolest stars are red. In between are white, yellow, and orange stars. Our sun is a yellow star.
Size A star’s size is the distance from its surface to its center. Our sun is a medium-size star. The largest stars are up to 1,000 times larger than our sun. The largest stars are called giants and supergiants. The smallest stars are called white dwarfs. Click here to watch a video about star size
Brightness A star’s brightness depends on its size and how hot it is. Larger and hotter stars are brighter than smaller and cooler stars. Brighter stars send out more light energy. A dim star that is close to Earth can appear brighter than a more distant star that is actually very bright.
Fill in the chart. Tell the temperatures of each type of star.
S4E1 b&c Groups of Stars The Big Dipper is part of a constellation. A constellation is a group of stars that make an imaginary picture. A galaxy has billion of stars. A galaxy is a huge system of gases, dust, and stars. Our solar system if on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy. Scientists use telescopes to observe different galaxies. The universe everything in space. It has billions of galaxies.
Seasonal Star Positions Each day the sun appears to move in the sky. But the sun does not move. It only seems to move as Earth rotates on its axis. At night the stars seem to move. Their positions appear to change from season to season. But this is due to Earth’s movement. As Earth revolves around the sun, we see different parts of space at different times of year.
Planets and stars look like tiny dots of light. It is hard to tell them apart. If the small dot seems to twinkle, it’s probably a star. Planets shine with a steady light. Most stars are trillions of kilometers away from Earth. Planets are much closer to Earth. Suppose you watched a planet every night for many months. You’d see that it seems to move back and forth through the stars. They are so far away from Earth, it is hard to detect their motion. HSP Constellations
Questions? Why can you see different patterns of stars in different seasons? Because Earth orbits the sun. Why would you have to wait a year to see some constellations in the same places you spot them tonight? It will take about that long for Earth to move back to the same position relative to the constellation.
Investigate Stargazers from More Picture-Perfect Science Lessons by Karen Ansberry & Emily Morgan. Pages 179-196 Make constellation finder. Make a Constellation model. Page 91
Writing Many American Indian tribes have legends about the stars. Choose an American Indian tribe and find a story its people tell about the stars. Draw pictures and write captions to go with the story.
S4E1d What can we see in the sky? Many ancient cultures have watched the changing night sky. Ancient people named the constellations The early Greeks identified Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, which are visible with the unaided eye. The Italian astronomer Galileo was one of the first people to use a telescope to study the planets and the stars. He discovered Jupiter’s four largest moons, and he observed that Venus has phases like the moon does. HSP Hubble Scrapbook Mr. Parr Tools of Astronomy
Investigate Make a telescope.
Credits Harcourt School Publishers Georgia Science More Picture-Perfect Science by Karen Ansberry and Emily Morgan Moon Book by Gail Gibbons
