Engineering History

1. EngineeringHistory

2. Questions To Consider • When did engineering begin? • Who were the first engineers? • What were the first engineering designs?

3. The Beginnings of Engineering: 6000 - 3000 B.C. • Change from nomadic life (hunter - gatherers) • The Agrarian Society (agriculture) • build permanent houses in community group

4. 6000 - 3000 B.C. • Early Achievements in this Era • Methods of producing fire at will • Melting certain rocklike materials to produce copper and bronze tools • Development of a system of symbols for written communications

5. The Beginning of Engineering:6000 - 3000 B.C. • Major Engineering Projects or Inventions • Irrigation systems to promote crop growth • Animal-, water-, and wind-driven gristmills • The wheel and axle • Plow • Yoke

6. Engineering in Early Civilizations:3000 -600 B.C. • Babylonian engineers: • Primitive arches • Bridges were built with stone piers carrying wooden stringers • Roads were surfaced with a naturally occurring asphalt, a construction system not used again until the nineteenth century

7. Engineering in Early Civilizations:3000 -600 B.C. • Egyptian Engineers • Pyramid Age - 2900 B.C and lasts 1000 years • 2,300,000 building stones (2.5 tons each) used to build the Great Pyramid of Cheops • Outstanding examples of engineering skills in land measurement and building layout -transit and level

8. Science of the Greeks and Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D. • Engineering in Greece: • Archimedes water screw • Crossbow • Catapult

9. Science of the Greeks and Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D. • Roman Engineering • Steam turbine • Hydraulic clock

10. Science of the Greeks and Romans: 600 B.C. - 400 A.D. • Roman Engineering • Roman road systems- subbase, compact base, topcoat 180,000 miles • Aqueducts for water supply • Sanitary systems

11. Engineering in the Middle Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries • Sugar refining, soap making, and perfume distilling became part of the culture • Chinese were developing clocks, astronomical instruments, the loom, spinning wheel, and gunpowder.

12. Engineering in the Middle Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries • Johann Gutenburg - movable type produced the first books printed on paper

13. Engineering in the Middle Ages: 1st to 16th Centuries • Sketches of future engineering devices such as: • Machine Gun • Helicopter • Drawbridge • Breach-loading Cannon • Tanks

14. Beginnings of Modern Science: 19th Century • James Watt refines and produces an efficient steam engine

15. 20th Century Technology • Henry Ford - Builds and sells automobiles and mass production emerges • Orville & Wilbur Wright develop powered aircraft

16. 20th Century Technology • John Brainerd , at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Engineering develop the first computer called the “ENIAC”. It weighted over 30 tons and occupied over 1500 square feet.

17. 20th Century Technology • Boeing Airplane Company develop the Boeing 707 capable of transporting 180 passengers at speeds of 600 mph

18. 20th Century Technology • Theodore Maiman produces the first working laser which has mushroomed to encompass surgeons, transmit telephone calls, track storms, to checkout in supermarkets, to weld steel, to cut fabric and to produce holograms

19. 21st Century • Implementation of more nanotechnology.