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Introduction the Endocrine System

Introduction the Endocrine System. Chapter 7. What is a endocrine?. We divide endocrines into 3 groups. Steroid hormones Peptide hormones Amine hormones. Steroids. The Adrenal Gland: one source of steroids. All contain the cholesterol backbone. Notice how similar estrogen is to cortisol.

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Introduction the Endocrine System

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  1. Introduction the Endocrine System Chapter 7

  2. What is a endocrine?

  3. We divide endocrines into 3 groups • Steroid hormones • Peptide hormones • Amine hormones

  4. Steroids

  5. The Adrenal Gland: one source of steroids

  6. All contain the cholesterol backbone

  7. Notice how similar estrogen is to cortisol

  8. Amines

  9. Amines as hormones: modified amino acids

  10. Pre-pro-hormone to Active hormone

  11. →Pituitary →Hypothalamus Pineal gland Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Heart liver Stomach and intestine Pancreas Adrenal gland Kidney Testes Ovaries Adipose placenta Endocrine System: Wow!

  12. Hypothalamus and pituitary

  13. The protein hormones of these glands

  14. Control of Hormone Release

  15. 1. Hypothalamic Control of Anterior Pituitary

  16. 1a. Most endocrines are controlled by • Trophic factors

  17. 1b. A few endocrines are controlled by inhibition • Somatostatin • PIF

  18. 2. Hormone Secretions can be controlled by • Positive feedback • Negative feedback

  19. Negative Feedback Control

  20. Positive Feedback Control

  21. Feedback can be: • Short Loop Feedback • Long Loop Feedback

  22. Long Loop Feedback Short Loop

  23. Interactive affect of multiple hormones • Synergism • Permissiveness • Antagonism

  24. Pathologies • Diabetes MellitusType I • Diabetes Inspidius • Hyperthyroidism • Graves Disease • Hypothyroidism • Cushings Disease: secondary hypersecretion • Addison’s Disease: primary hyposecretion

  25. Pancreas and Insulin

  26. Diabetes Mellitus Type I Insulin deficiency Type II Non-responsive to insulin

  27. CUSHING DISEASE

  28. Cushing Disease • Excess gluconeogenesis: hyperglycemia • Muscle breakdown • Lipolysis • Paradox: central weight gain

  29. Cushing and its treatment

  30. Addison’s Disease

  31. Goiter: Enlarged Thyroid Gland

  32. Exophthalmus

  33. Primary hypersecretion at “final” site

  34. Secondary Hypersecretion: at pituitary level

  35. Secondary Hypersecretion at hypothalamic level

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