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A Larger World Opens : Expanded Influence of Western Civilization

A Larger World Opens : Expanded Influence of Western Civilization. Age of Exploration. Motives in the Age of Exploration. Attracted to East for silks and spices Difficult to trade with Islamic empires 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks desire for wealth and adventure

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A Larger World Opens : Expanded Influence of Western Civilization

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  1. A Larger World Opens: Expanded Influence of Western Civilization Age of Exploration

  2. Motives in the Age of Exploration • Attracted to East for silks and spices • Difficult to trade with Islamic empires • 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks • desire for wealth and adventure • Tired of Ottoman and Venetian middlemen getting all the profits • religious zeal- save souls, converts • Summary: Gold, Gloryand God

  3. Improvements in Navigation • Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass • better ships- triangle AND square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon • use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars • knowledge of wind patterns

  4. Better ships

  5. De Verga Map 1411

  6. Account of the Islands of the Mediterranean. Martellus, Henricus, Germanus; Florence 1489

  7. Better Technology: Compass

  8. From the Astrolabe…

  9. …to the Sextant

  10. Prince Henry the Navigator • 1394-1460 • Helped develop caravel • Began exploring coast of Africa at 21 following defeat of Barbary pirates • Sponsored explorers, cartographers

  11. Why were the Portuguese first? • Location, location, location! • At the tip of the Iberian Peninsula, farther from the Ottoman Empire, and very close to coast of Africa

  12. Portuguese Explorers • Bartolomeo Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope 1488 • Vasco de Gama- 1498 went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India • 1510 Portuguese flags in Goa, India and Macao, China

  13. The Spanish • believed had to be a short cut by sailing west • Columbus- (Genoan) went west 1492 • arrived in Caribbean thought it was the Indies thus the west Indies- • Magellan- around the world • East and West divided- Pope drew a line Spain and Portugal

  14. Pattern of Contact • Begin by trading • Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon • set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans • made alliances with local leaders • Dutch and English less apt to become involved with culture/religion • developed mercantilism- material from colony- buy finished products from Europe.

  15. Slave Trade • Portuguese- trade with Africa- To Portugal as servants than to Brazil to work on plantations • Africans less susceptible to European diseases that Native Americans • But death rate was high 13-30% just on the trip • African middlemen active- depopulate entire areas of Africa- food from Americas helped increase birthrate

  16. Spice Trade-East Indies • Very important to Europeans- made food palatable • Portuguese again led the way • Spain in the Philippines- stayed till 1898 • Dutch East India Company very aggressive- competed with British East India Company • Both dominated the East Indies and India

  17. Impact on World by European Contact • Purpose was to serve the homeland whether it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly. • In the Americas • More intermarriage by Spanish, Portuguese and French • Disease was devastating. Measles, influenza, smallpox • Violence common

  18. The World Dominated by Europe(cont) • Africa- completely dominated by Europe- only one independent country Ethiopia • Southeast and Asia- French in Vietnam, British in Burma, Spanish in Philippines, Dutch in Indonesia • India- French and British compete- British win out, not independent until 1948 • South America- Spanish dominated: Others joined ( French, Dutch, British, and Portuguese) too

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