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WIND POWER

WIND POWER. Global Technology Trends in Wind Power: R&D & Commercial. Rajsekhar Budhavarapu Chief Technology Officer ( Renewable Investments) IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited. IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL). IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services .

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WIND POWER

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  1. WIND POWER Global Technology Trends in Wind Power: R&D & Commercial Rajsekhar Budhavarapu Chief Technology Officer ( Renewable Investments) IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  2. Presentation Structure • Challenge • Wind Energy Estimation • Wind farm Design Optimization • Up Scaling • Grid Compatibility • Technology view into future • Quality Assurance • Wind farm Power Control • Improving Performance : O&M • Policy Framework Design • Virtual Power Plants and Micro-grids IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  3. The Challenge-Credibility Trend of EWEA forecasts 2009 2000 1997 1991 Source: H. Beurskens, L. Hamilton IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  4. Comparison of Global and India Wind Energy Scenario Source : GWEC report on India Wind Energy Outlook 2009 Even with an advanced or optimistic realization in 2020, GWEC is projecting only an 18% share of electricity for wind energy in India, requiring 134 GW of wind power capacity. IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  5. Capacity or Production PENETRATION • Mere installed capacity does not provide wind power production share. • The goal should be the ability to supply X% of the electricity consumption. • Produced energy depends on the wind resource/siting, appropriate technology, grid capacity and a flexible & stable power system. • Wind energy investments depends on stable policies, attractive tariffs and “business case certainty”. • Hence, accurate wind resource estimates, reliable and efficient technology, sufficient grid capacity and power system integration are the keys. IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  6. Wind Energy Estimation: Indian Example Mesoscale modelling (KAMM model dx=5km) + On-site measurements Outputs Outcomes Inputs Mean wind speed at 80 m a.g.l Wind maps: Mean (annual and seasonal) wind speed and power density at 50m and 80m. Verification: Can compare generalized wind climates derived from observational wind atlas method and numerical wind atlas method. Application data: Generalized wind climate in WAsP .lib file format for all of India; 50 from observational wind atlas and 200,000+ from numerical wind atlas, allows application at very high resolutions (~10m) Energy Generation estimation Surface roughness Surface elevation Mean power density at 80 m a.g.l. Large-scale wind forcing wind direction and direction distribution (generalize wind climate) IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  7. 5 to 8 D 3 to 5 D Wind farm optimization (1 of 4) Does this lay out provide maximum output and minimum variability of power output???? No !!!! IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  8. u0 u u0 u0 u0 u0 u0 u0 Wind farm optimization (2 of 4) IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  9. Wind farm optimization (3 of 4) Normal operation, optimal Cp Increasing outputby power control First row(s) more ‘transparant’ for flow’ Source: ECN IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  10. ECN Foto: Jos Beurskens Photo: Jos Beurskens ECN/TNO Photo: Gustave Corten Wind farm optimization (4 of 4) Verification needs cross institutional cooperation with industry and customers IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  11. 2012 ? 200 m UpWind 150 m ø ? ? Up scaling (1 of 4) offshore ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Jos Beurskens Jos Beurskens Jos Beurskens Jos Beurskens IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  12. Up scaling (2 of 4) New materials with higher strength/mass levels Challenges Weight ~ (D³)Cross sections ~ (D²)Stress (= weight/cross section) ~ D IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  13. Up scaling (3 of 4) Full pitch control for very large wind turbines is not adequate anymore because of non uniform angles of attack along blade. Wind field Photo: Jos Beurskens IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  14. Up scaling ( 4 of 4) 20-40% reduction in blade- in-tower fatigue load ”Smart” material variable trailing edge flap Rasmussen. DTU-Risø IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  15. Grid compatibility (1 of 2) • Ability to control wind farm as a power plant • Control strategies for grid support • Fault ride through capabilities • Grid codes required FhG, Kassel (D) IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  16. Grid compatibility (2 of 2) Wound rotor induction generator Transmission Controllable electrical parameters to support grid Constant rotational speed Variable rotational speed(present technology) IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  17. Technology view into the near future • Dedicated wind turbines for various climate zones (standards & certification) • Further up scaling (20 MW?) • Distributed aerodynamic rotor control with smart features (incorporating LIDAR) • Integrated turbine control (output, stability, safety, failure resistant, grid compatibility and grid support) • Wind farm control (variability of output, maximising output, load control, grid support) IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  18. Quality Assurance For international acceptance wind turbines should be designed and certified to the IEC 61400 or GL standards series. Recognized certifying bodies exist internationally for providing wind turbine certifications Wind farm financing, insurance etc depend on the manufacturers ability to obtain appropriate certification. Project certification may also be necessary to manage risks and secure financing, especially for offshore wind farms. Type certification acc. to IEC 61400-22 or GL 2010 guidelines IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  19. Wind Farm Power Control Wind farms must be able to provide : • Voltage and reactive control, • Frequency control • Fault ride-through capability in order to maintain the electric system stability Typical wind farm power control methods Jauch, C. et. al. “International Comparison of Requirements for Connection of Wind Turbines to Power Systems”, Wind Energy 2005; 8:295–306 IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  20. Improving Performance: O&M Source: 3rd WE20 by 2020 conference IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  21. Reqd Policy Framework: Competitive vs Feed-in-Tariff IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  22. Lastly: Virtual Power Plants & Micro Grids • In areas that are cut-off from the urban regions, a smaller “Micro Grid” is of advantage to provide regional electricity. • A Micro grid is a small electricity providing network with load sources, energy sources and storage. • On a broader scale, a Virtual power plant (VPP) is a distributed system that can supply energy to a much larger grid. • Each micro-grid or VPP would incorporate real-time information systems to ensure that energy production matches demand at all times. • Since the grid is designed with respect to known sources of electricity and demand, the grid can be stable and its control more deterministic. IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

  23. END For further Information contact RajsekharBudhavarapu CTO- Renewable Investments IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) 1st Floor, Corporate Office Tower, Ambience Mall Complex, Ambience Island, NH-8 Gurgaon 122001, India Email: rajsekhar.b@ilfsindia.com T el: +91 12 4471 6100 IL&FS Energy Development Company Limited (IEDCL) IEDCL Wind Development & Advisory Services

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