Chemistry 101

1. Chemistry 101 • Dr. Don DeCoste • 109 Chemistry Annex • decoste@illinois.edu • 244-5959 • 2-3 pm Mondays and 10-11 am Thursdays • By appointment

2. To Do… • http://chem.illinois.edu • Slides on the website (after each lecture) • Lab tomorrow (see Sig Fig video on website). • Lon-Capa (HW1 Type 2 due Wednesday, January 29 by 7 pm).

3. Chemistry – Some Big Ideas • Atoms have structure. • Subatomic particles – electrons, protons, and neutrons. • Atoms are mostly open space. • Atoms can attract (and repel) one another.

4. Atomic Structure–So What? • Bonds form within molecules. • Molecules are sticky (forces between molecules). • Different reactivities of elements (why is He in Mylar balloons?). • Fireworks. • Pools close during a thunderstorm.

5. Atomic Structure: How Do We Know? • Thomson and the electron. • Rutherford and the nucleus: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pZj0u_XMbc

6. Simple Model of an Atom

7. NOT A Correct View

8. Clicker Question How many of the following are true regarding the number of protons in an atom? I. Identifies the element. II. Gives the number of electrons in a neutral atom. III. Gives the number of neutrons in a neutral atom. IV. Tells the element’s atomic number. A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

9. Using The Periodic Table • Element: neutral; defined by the number of protons. • Ions: positive or negatively charged; comes from a differing number of electrons. • Isotopes: atoms of the same element with differing number of neutrons.

10. Forming a Cation

11. Forming an Anion

12. Isotopes of Sodium

13. Using The Periodic Table • Symbol, name, number of protons (all of these are related). • Number of electrons in a neutral atom or in an ion.

14. Using The Periodic Table

15. Using The Periodic Table

16. Using The Periodic Table • Formulas of some ionic compounds. • Naming simple compounds. [Chapter 5 material]

17. Three Types of Binary Compounds • Metal (Groups 1, 2, 3) and nonmetal • Simple naming: sodium chloride [NaCl], calcium bromide [CaBr2]. • Metal (transition) and nonmetal • Roman numerals: iron(II) oxide [FeO]. • Two nonmetals • Prefixes: carbon dioxide [CO2].

18. Three Types of Binary Compounds • CaO • CoO • CO

19. Three Types of Binary Compounds • CaO calcium oxide • CoO cobalt(II) oxide • CO carbon monoxide

20. Type I Compound CaO calcium oxide

21. Type I Compound CaO calcium oxide Charge Balance: Ca2+ O2- (2+) + (2-) = 0

22. Type II Compound CoO cobalt(II) oxide

23. Type II Compound CoO cobalt(II) oxide

24. Type II Compound CoO cobalt(II) oxide Co2+O2- (2+) + (2-) = 0 Co2O3 cobalt(III) oxide Co3+ O2- 2(3+) + 3(2-) = 0

25. Type III Compound CO carbon monoxide

26. Type III Compound CO carbon monoxide

27. Type I Compound Ca3P2 calcium phosphide

28. Type II Compound

29. Type III Compound N2O5 dinitrogenpentoxide

31. Polyatomic Ions • Ammonium • Nitrate • Sulfate • Hydroxide • Phosphate • Carbonate

32. Clicker Question Which of the following is the correct name for the compound with the formula MgF2? a) magnesium(II) fluoride b) magnesium difluoride c) magnesium fluoride d) magnesium fluorite e) magnesium fluorate

33. Clicker Question Which of the following is the correct name for the compound with the formula MgF2? a) magnesium(II) fluoride b) magnesium difluoride c) magnesium fluoride d) magnesium fluorite e) magnesium fluorate

34. Clicker Question Which of the following is named incorrectly? a) PCl3 phosphorus trichloride b) KCl potassium(I) chloride c) CuO copper(II) oxide d) Cu2O copper(I) oxide e) CO carbon monoxide

35. Clicker Question Which of the following is named incorrectly? a) PCl3 phosphorus trichloride b) KCl potassium(I) chloride c) CuO copper(II) oxide d) Cu2O copper(I) oxide e) CO carbon monoxide

36. Uncertainty in Measurement

37. Clicker Question How many significant figures should be reported? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5

38. Clicker Question How many significant figures should be reported? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5

39. Clicker Question What is the volume reading of the buret? a) 20.14 b) 20.15 c) 20.16 d) 20.17 e) 20.18

40. Clicker Question Leading zeroes are ____ significant, captive zeroes are ____ significant, and trailing zeros are ____ significant. a) always, always, always b) never, never, never c) sometimes, sometimes, sometimes d) never, sometimes, sometimes e) never, always, sometimes

41. Clicker Question Leading zeroes are ____ significant, captive zeroes are ____ significant, and trailing zeros are ____ significant. a) always, always, always b) never, never, never c) sometimes, sometimes, sometimes d) never, sometimes, sometimes e) never, always, sometimes

42. Clicker Question How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.030140 liters? a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 e) 7

43. Clicker Question How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.030140 liters? a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 e) 7

44. Clicker Question You add 82.4 mL of water in a graduated cylinder to 25 mL of water in a beaker. How much water should you report? a) 100 mL (1 significant figure) b) 110 mL (2 significant figures) c) 110. mL (3 significant figures) d) 107 mL (3 significant figures) e) 107.4 (4 significant figures)

45. Clicker Question You add 82.4 mL of water in a graduated cylinder to 25 mL of water in a beaker. How much water should you report? a) 100 mL (1 significant figure) b) 110 mL (2 significant figures) c) 110. mL (3 significant figures) d) 107 mL (3 significant figures) e) 107.4 (4 significant figures)

46. Restrictions on Reactions • Element conservation. CHEMISTRY 102-104: • Thermodynamics: Suniv must increase. • Kinetics: time is a factor for reactions to occur.

47. Chemistry – Some Big Ideas • Chemical changes are accompanied by energy changes. • Reactions are due to breaking bonds and forming bonds. • Exothermic versus endothermic.