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Second Phase Chinese Civil War

Second Phase Chinese Civil War. By: Tony. Context. Monarchy overthrow  Internal Strife/Weak Government First Phase – 1927 to 1937 Nationalists (GMD) winning vs Communists (CCP) Second Phase – 1937 to 1945 Nationalists open warfare vs Japanese Third Phase – 1945 to 1949

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Second Phase Chinese Civil War

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  1. Second Phase Chinese Civil War By: Tony

  2. Context Monarchy overthrow Internal Strife/Weak Government First Phase – 1927 to 1937 Nationalists (GMD) winning vs Communists (CCP) Second Phase – 1937 to 1945 Nationalists open warfare vsJapanese Third Phase – 1945 to 1949 Communists win

  3. Nationalists • Headed by Chiang Kai-Shek (see previous page) • Wanted to unite China under Nationalist banner • Nationalists were initially winning • Nationalists were allied to the Communists, but later Chiang Kai-Shek was wary of the communists threat and purged many of them • Nationalists had support of landlords and people in cities (upper class) and most of their capital came from the citiesa • Had many benefits; efficiency and had support of West

  4. Communists • Headed by Mao-Ze-Dong (see previous page) and soldiers were treated well and felt part of the cause • Communists had support of the rural population (lower, middle class) • Large army yet unequipped with no help from the West • Communists fought the war against the Japanese through guerrilla warfare perceived as more effective than open warfare

  5. Second Phase – Peace Treaty • Second Phase 1937-1945 • Peace Treaty between Nationalists and Communists to fight off Imperial Japan • An uneasy alliance was formed; which had little effect as there was little cooperation between Nationalists and Communists • Japanese took over city by city; severely crippling potential Nationalist capital

  6. Methods of warfare • Nationalist leader Chiang Kai Shek confronted Japanese full on, leading to heavy troop losses • Communist leader Mae Ze Dong was achieving gains through guerrilla warfare; at one point even mobilized up to 5 million soldiers

  7. Rise of popularity of Mao • Mao’s guerrilla warfare tactics proved successful • Mao’s land reform policy of giving farm land to thousands of hungry and starving farmers added to the momentum • Mao offered mistreated Nationalist troops allegiance to the Communist cause. Many agreed.

  8. Conclusion • At the end of World War 2; while Nationalists were extremely weakened and Communists were extremely popular the Nationalists and Communists resumed fighting • Communists defeated Nationalists in various battles • Nationalists fled to Taiwan where they still reside

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