Section 1.3 KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS

1. SBI3U Section 1.3 KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS

2. DISCOVERING NAMING DESCRIBING CLASSIFYING TAXONOMY IS . . . In order to describe and classify a new species, one must compare them with other organisms. ORGANISMS Used to better understand biodiversity

3. Linnaeuswasknown as the « Father of Taxonomy » • He developed the binomial nomenclature system in order to simplify the classification of organisms and make the scientificnamescommonbetween all parts of the world. • Linnaeus gave consistency and precision to describebiodiversity. Remember…..

4. So that it can be commonly used from region to region. Common names tend to vary. Using a single standard Latin name for each species avoids any confusion Why use scientificnames?

5. Each organism is classified based on taxons. The Taxa become increasingly more specific the further along you go down the taxonomic groups. King Philip Came Over for General Science Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Genus, Species Remember…..

6. When classifying species , scientists look for similarities and differences between organisms. When scientists look at similarities they look at the organism’s cell type, cell number and DNA sequence. Classifyingspecies

7. Characteristic 1: Cell types PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL

8. Characteristic 1: Cell type

9. 2) NUMBER OF CELLS: Unicellular: single-celledorganisms Multicellular: organismis made up of more than one cell. Main characteristics of kingdoms

10. 3) CELL WALL MATERIAL: Main characteristics of kingdoms • Organisms vary in terms of the material that composes their cell wall • Depending on the material used, these species will be classified into different domains and kingdoms. Chitin Cellulose Peptidoglycan

11. 4) NUTRITION : Autotrophs: organism captures energyfrom sunlight to produceitsownenergy. Heterotrophs:organismthatgetsitsnutrients and energy by consumingotherorganisms. Main characteristics of kingdoms Autotroph Heterotroph

12. 5) Means of Reproduction: Asexual: offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent only Sexual: geneticmaterialof two parents are combinedto create an offspring Main characteristics of kingdoms Asexual Reproduction

13. The different cell types, forced scientists to create a higher taxa than « kingdom » that reflected these cell types. The higher taxa was known as «Domain »  Prior to 1990, the domain was classfied into two main groups « Bacteria and Eukarya ». domains

14. In 1990, a three-domaingroupingwasproposed. • Scientistswanted to separate the Bacteriadomainintotwo main groups, « Archaea » and « Bacteria ». • There werelarge differencesbetweensome of the bacteriathatenabledscientists to categorizetheminto a separate group. domains

15. Nowadays, scientists base their classfication system on the three-domain grouping.

16. Over manyyears, scientists have continuouslychanged the way in whichKingdom taxa wasdivided. • In the 1800’s scientistsbelievedtherewereonly 2 kingdoms1) Plants 2) Animals. • Over time, as technologyincreased, scientistsbegan to learn new information thatleadthem to subdividekingdomsinto 6 main groups. kingdoms

17. kingdoms • The type and number of cells for each kingdom is different. This is one of the primary distinctions between each of these groups. • Scientists have also used other information to categorize these different groups. (i.e. Nutrition, method of reproduction etc)