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The Arabic Writing System

The Arabic Writing System. Arabic writing can be split into two types:

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The Arabic Writing System

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  1. The Arabic Writing System Arabic writing can be split into two types: Modern Standard Arabic : For those wanting to do business in Arabic-speaking markets, Modern Standard Arabic writing is common to all the countries in the Arab world, and is used in newspapers, magazines, books, and government documents. Classical Arabic writing: is used solely for text found in the Qur’an and classical Arabic literature. Source: http://www.globalizationpartners.com/Translation_Services/Arabic/HTML/The_Arabic_Writing_System.html

  2. main features of Modern Standard Arabic writing Words are written from right to left. Numbers are written from left to right. The Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters. Depending on where they are placed in a word (beginning, middle, end, or standalone), some Arabic letters will change form. Except in very rare cases, letters are always joined together in Arabic writing (both written and typed).

  3. The Arab world consists roughly of the 22 different countries that make up the membership of the League of Arab States. These countries are: The population of the Arab world is somewhere close to 225 million

  4. root system the root system of Arabic is an unfamiliar concept. Arabic words are constructed from three-four letters "roots" which convey a basic idea. For example, k-t-b conveys the idea of writing. Addition of other letters before, between and after the root letters produces many associated words: not only "write" but also "book“  Kitaab , "office“  Maktab , "library“  Maktabah , and "author“  Kateb.

  5. vocabulary Learning vocabulary may cause problems at first. In most European languages there are many words which resemble those in English. Arabic has very few, but it becomes easier once you have memorised a few roots

  6. Arabic dialects Arabic has many regional dialects, and if you want to master one of these the only really effective way is to spend a few years in the place of your choice. For general purposes – such as reading or listening to radio - it's best to concentrate on Modern Standard Arabic (numerous courses and textbooks are available). This would also be useful if you're interested in Islam, though you would need some additional religious vocabulary.

  7. Consonants and vowels There are 28 consonants and three vowels – a,  i, u – which can be short or long. Some of the sounds are unique to Arabic and difficult for foreigners to pronounce exactly

  8. vowels Short vowels: u, a, i Long vowels: uu; aa; ii. The principle of doubling a short “a” to make a long “aa” is well established (e.g. "salaam"). Logically, it could be applied to the other vowels. Some may prefer "oo" to "uu", but "ou" could be mis-promounced as "ow". Again, "ee" may be preferred to "ii".

  9. sentence The normal word order of a sentence is verb/subject/object. The function of nouns in a sentence can also be distinguished by case-endings (marks above the last letter of a word) but these are usually found only in the Qur'an or school textbooks. http://www.learnarabiconline.com/arabic-sentences.shtml

  10. Feminine and masculine nouns Feminine nouns add the suffix …aat to form the plural but masculine nouns generally have a "broken" plural which involves changing vowels in the middle of the word: kitaab ("book"); kutub ("books").

  11. irregular verbs Arabic has very few irregular verbs and does not use "is" or "are" at all in the present tense: "the king good" means "the king is good". Subtle alterations in the basic meaning of a verb are made by adding to the root. These changes follow regular rules, giving ten possible "verb forms" (though in practice only three or four exist for most verbs. The root k-s-r produces: form I kasara, "he broke" form II kassara, "he smashed to bits" form VII inkasara, "it was broken up" Sometimes these must be used with care: qAtala means "he fought" but qatala means "he killed". Source: http://www.al-bab.com/arab/language/lang.htm

  12. Online translation CIMOS= http://www.cimos.com/index.asp?src=try Al-Misbar = http://eshop.atasoft.com/eng/almisbar.html Systran system= http://www.systranet.com/

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