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The Magical Universe

The Magical Universe. Questions and Answers. 1. What was the quality of life for peasants in the Middle Ages, and what caused this?. Object poverty and insecurity Toiled to produce enough to eat and drink, clothes to wear, and shelter

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The Magical Universe

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  1. The Magical Universe Questions and Answers

  2. 1. What was the quality of life for peasants in the Middle Ages, and what caused this? • Object poverty and insecurity • Toiled to produce enough to eat and drink, clothes to wear, and shelter • Hardship caused by storms, flood, crop failure, sterility, illness, and premature death

  3. What were the primary concerns for these people? • Producing adequate crops • Fertility of fields

  4. How did they employ magic to relieve these concerns? • Blessings by the clergy • Placing of holy things • Burial of the dead • Rituals for all trades and aspects of living: fishing, farming, cooking, etc.

  5. The MalleusMalleficarum Questions and Answers

  6. 1. Why did the authors believe women are more likely to come under the spell of witchcraft? • They are feebler in mind and body than men • Women are intellectually like children

  7. 2. What did the authors believe to be the fundamental difference in men and women that makes women more impressionable? • A defect in the formation of the first woman • Women were made from a bent rib, and are, therefore, inherently flawed

  8. 3. Why is it significant that witches are said to only harm unbaptised children? • The “fact” that only the unbaptised can be harmed proves the power of the sacraments • People are more likely to subscribe to Catholicism if their children are otherwise at risk

  9. 4. Are there any crimes supposedly committed by witches that demonstrate the authors’ fear of women. • “...they can make of no effect the generative desires, and even the power of copulation” • They can cause impotence and sterility in men.

  10. 5. Do any of these evil deeds reflect the peasant concerns from the first reading? Does this provide enough reason to incite violence against suspected witches? • Sterility in men and animals • Killing children • Spreading plague

  11. 6. What is the authors’ opinion of torture? Is it is reliable means of extracting information? • A witch must be convicted by her own confession. • If evidence or a witness suggests witchcraft and a confession is not given, torture is used to extract one.

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