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Ancient Canaan & The Phoenicians

Ancient Canaan & The Phoenicians. Canaan. Lies at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea , in an area shared today by Lebanon & Israel . In ancient times, this area connected Egypt and Mesopotamia Soldiers, shepherds, and merchants transported goods & ideas

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Ancient Canaan & The Phoenicians

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  1. Ancient Canaan & The Phoenicians

  2. Canaan Lies at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, in an area shared today by Lebanon & Israel. • In ancient times, this area connected Egypt and Mesopotamia • Soldiers, shepherds, and merchants transported goods & ideas Two groups formed small kingdoms in this land: • Phoenicians and Hebrews • Both groups interested in trade & learning

  3. The Phoenicians (est @ 1830 B.C.E.) Most information comes from: • The Bible • writings of other ancient peoples • the ruins of their ships and cities

  4. Two different groups: Canaanites • from the desert south & east of Canaan • wandering herders Philistines • eastern Mediterranean near Greece • traders & shipbuilders

  5. Sea-Based Trade • Land could not grow enough food for all people, so Phoenicians turned to the sea • Used cedar wood to build strong, fast ships • Sea-based trade • Traded: cedar logs, cloth, glass trinkets, perfume • For items such as: Egypt: gold & other metals, papyrus, linen Mesopotamia: pottery Cyprus: copper & animal hides

  6. Phoenician Trade Routes

  7. Used the sun & stars for navigation • Signed peace treaties with larger & more powerful neighbors

  8. Cities of Phoenicia • Phoenicia was a collection of independent city-states- it never became a united country. • Largest city-states were: Tyre, Byblos, Beirut, and Sidon • Spoke the same language & practiced the same religion, but did not always get along • Ruled by kings, then councils of merchants

  9. City structure: • surrounded by large stone wall for protection • many merchant & artisan shops (esp carpenters, cabinet-makers, metalworkers) • Very crowded: narrow streets & packed buildings • Ports located outside the walls were the center of all activity

  10. Cloth-dying centers • Phoenician means “purple merchants” • Legend of Melqart

  11. Carthage • Sailors set up trading posts & colonies (permanent settlements) that later turned into cities along coast of N. Africa • Carthage founded in 814 B.C.E. in present-day Tunisia • Became a powerful trading city • Legend of the Phoenician princess Dido

  12. Gods & Goddesses • Believed in many gods who were tied closely to nature • Built temples to worship • entrance, main hall, and holy of holies • made sacrifices of wine, perfume, animals, and humans • only priests could offer sacrifices • Life after death • at first buried in clay urns (ornamental vases) • later influenced by Egyptians: embalmed, wrapped, buried bodies

  13. The Alphabet • Phoenicians did not invent the alphabet, but they did pass it on through trade to other cultures • Used picture system at first, but difficult for trading • Borrowed a simple version of Egyptian hieroglyphics from the people of the Canaanite towns to the south • 22 symbols or letters used to form words • Borrowed & evolved: Phoenicians to Greeks to Romans… eventually English!

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