Some Major Insect Disease Issues in Virginia s Forests

1. Some Major Insect & Disease Issues in Virginia�s Forests

4. Pine Bark Beetles

5. Bark Beetle Signs - Pitch Tubes

6. Bark Beetle Signs � Gallery Patterns

7. Gypsy Moth Introduced into Massachusetts from Europe in 1869 to make silk Feeds on a variety of trees, especially oaks Defoliates millions of acres of trees each year in the U.S. Damage varies considerably from year to year Recently, a fungus disease has had a major impact on gypsy moth populations during wet years

11. Emerald Ash Borer

12. EAB Native Range

15. Prognosis for Virginia Ash Resource All ash species are vulnerable: white, green, pumpkin, black About 1.5 % of VA forested volume is ash More diffuse resource may result in slower progression of EAB compared to Mid-West Urban, landscape trees and riparian zones have higher ash densities (3% urban, 5-20% riparian) Urban areas will probably be hit the hardest and see the a more rapid progression of EAB infestation

16. The Hemlock Resource Ecologically important, irreplaceable Provides dense canopies Maintains cool stream temperatures Moderates temperature extremes Shelter for wildlife Prevents erosion on steep banks Typical component of old-growth forests One of the most commonly planted landscape/backyard trees � 274 cultivars

19. Beech Bark Disease

21. Beech Aphid - Native

22. Beech Aphid Fungus

23. Thousand Cankers Disease of Black Walnut