Conference on Tall Buildings October 2003 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Presented by Igor K. Kotliar

1. PRESENTATIONCATASTROPHIC FIRE SUPPRESSION AND SAFE EVACUATION IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS USING BREATHABLE FIRE-SUPPRESSIVE ATMOSPHERE Conference on Tall Buildings October 2003 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Presented by Igor K. Kotliar President FirePASS Corporation

2. INTRODUCTION • In industrialized countries, the cost of fire damage and fire protection represents a significant percentage of the GDP. • In the USA, the cost of fire is approximately 2% of the GDP. • That is 100-200 billion annually. (Ahrens 2001) • During the last years, the United States and the world have awakened to the threat of terrorist acts involving powerful explosive materials and the fires they cause. • Large and catastrophic fires resulting from terrorist attacks pose an unprecedented challenge. • Presently, there is no existing technology to adequately combat catastrophic tall building fires

3. INTRODUCTION cont. • Unfortunately, we now understand the devastating effect just one catastrophic fire can have on the global economy. • We can also see how thousands of lives can be lost because of one inadequate protection regime. • Nearly 50% of all fires are arson related. • For such an extreme problem calls for an immediate and radical new approach. • It is time for you to open up your mind!

4. FirePASS Technology Overview • FirePASS offers 7 new patents and a radical and new approach to • Fire Prevention • Fire Suppression • Dual Mode Prevention & Suppression • Mobile Fire Fighting Suppression Systems • Fire Escape • All FirePASS solutions incorporate hypoxic (oxygen reduced) air. • Hypoxic air can prevent ignition and suppress fires • The FirePASS Concept is based on 7 years of extensive experience and research • FirePASS’ mother company, Hypoxico Inc. specializes in the health and medical applications of hypoxic air.

5. 1. FirePASS Prevention Why extinguish fires when you can actively prevent them?

6. FirePASS Prevention • FirePASS-P is the first system in the world that can totally prevent ignition of Class A, B, and C fires. • FirePASS-P system constantly generates, and ventilates Hypoxic air containing 15-16%O2. • At this oxygen concentration, nearly all ignition scenarios are prevented. • In terms of O2 available for respiration, it is equivalent to being in a passenger plane or being in a mountain resort without this discomfort associated with low pressure.

7. FirePASS Prevention

8. FirePASS Prevention • Although there is less percentage of O2 in a FirePASS-P environment, the absolute amount of oxygen in terms of oxygen partial pressure is equivalent to moderate altitude.

9. Oxygen % v. Altitude v. Partial Pressure Table

10. Fire Extinction occurs at a safe Oxyhemoglobin level Fire Intensity and Oxyhemoglobin Levels (meters) 8,885 10,665 12,555 16,710 19,020 1,210 2,610 4,070 5,600 7,205 14,560 21,530 23,705 370 800 1200 1700 2200 2700 3250 3800 4450 5100 5800 6500 7225 Oxyhemoglobin Levels Fire Intensity Preventive Mode Suppressive Mode Fire Extinction Point (16.2% O2) X

11. Hypoxic Room System for athletic training contains 14.5% O2 inside www.hypoxico.com

16. FirePASS Prevention • FirePASS-P is a ventilation system that maintains a positive pressure within the protected space • Due to this positive pressure, the Prevention system, can be coupled with a filtration system to make the building immune from • Aerosolized Biological Warfare Agents • Aerosolized Chemical Agents • Radioactive Contaminants • For this reason, the protected space can double as an emergency shelter.

17. FirePASS Suppression BREATHABLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, TOTALLY EFFECTIVE

18. FirePASS Suppression • FirePASS agent is premixed hypoxic air containing 10-12% O2 • The FirePASS agent, hypoxic air, has inerting properties analogous to Nitrogen (IG-100). • Premixing ensures safety of occupants • Combats re-ignition with continuous flow of agent for post suppression inerting • On-site agent re-generation • Suppression system is more flexible. Its continuous flow causes room integrity to become less of a factor • Can be a supplement to other systems

19. SUPPRESSION SAFETY NFPA Requirements • According to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 2001, ''Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems'' p.28. Table A-1-6.1.3 "Physiological Effects for Inert Gas Agents“: • 12-percentminimum oxygen corresponds to No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) • 10-percentminimum oxygen shows Low Observable Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)

20. FirePASS SuppressionFire Properties FirePASS Safety Threshold Data from Koatsu Japan NN100 Systems

21. TEST SUPPRESSION UNIT

23. ON-SITE REFILLING STATION

24. OPEN WINDOW TEST CONTAINER

25. 2 MW FIRE GENERATED AFTER 20 min. BURN TIME

26. AGENT RELEASED AND FIRE SUPPRESSED

27. EXTENDED AGENT RELEASE TO COMBAT RE-IGNITION

31. FIREPASS Suppression • FIREPASS has the ability to protect extremely large volumes

32. Hangar fire scenario Phase I – detection – agent release into the lower level of the structure

33. Phase II – Agent floods the facility suppressing fire and evacuating combustion gases

34. Phase III – Fire extinguished Combustion gases evacuated

35. FirePASS DUAL MODE • FirePASS can be utilized in “Dual Mode” for ultimate protection. • A constant preventative atmosphere can be maintained with an emergency supply of stored pressurized hypoxic air. • In the event of an attack that breaches the integrity of the protected space, the suppression system is activated to maintain a positive pressure of hypoxic air within the protected space. • The suppression system must only keep fresh outside air from entering the building to prevent a catastrophic fire.

38. MOBILE FIREPASSSUPPRESSION

39. Applications – Buildings Agent distribution piping accessible for Mobile Systems

40. Standpipes for the Floor-targeted delivery of the agent, supplied by Mobile Unit

41. Applications – Mobile Systems Refilling with breathable hypoxic agent at station Discharging FirePASS agent at fire location

42. Applications – Mobile Systems Hydraulic agent delivery “arm” enables to discharge agent through a window at any floor

43. FirePASS Emergency Escape Systems Fire-proof Escapes

44. Applications – Emergency Evacuation Fire Escape Stairway pressurized with FirePASS agent

45. Applications - Buildings Hyperbaric Hypoxic Fire Suppression and Escape System

46. Applications – Emergency Evacuation Hyperbaric Hypoxic Fire Suppression and Escape System design

47. Hyperbaric Hypoxic Fire Suppression and Escape System design

48. Hyperbaric Hypoxic Fire Suppression and Escape SystemEngineering and Construction details Escape bridge and pressurized door design

49. Hyperbaric Hypoxic Fire Suppression and Escape SystemArchitectural design concept

50. Tunnel Fire Scenario FIREPASS can provide reliable protection for the building's underground facilities and infrastructure • Phase I – fire detection