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Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen

Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen. Abdominopelvic Cavity. One large continuous cavity Usually referred to separately as the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity. Abdominal Regions and Quadrants. Regions Umbilical Epigastric Hypogastric R/L Hypochondriac R/L Lumbar R/L Iliac. Quadrants

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Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen

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  1. Ch. 22 Chest and Abdomen

  2. Abdominopelvic Cavity • One large continuous cavity • Usually referred to separately as the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

  3. Abdominal Regions and Quadrants • Regions • Umbilical • Epigastric • Hypogastric • R/L Hypochondriac • R/L Lumbar • R/L Iliac • Quadrants • Vertical line is the midline • Horizontal line runs through the belly button

  4. Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

  5. Stomach • Located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity (LUQ) • 3 portions • Fundus • Body • Pylorus • Cardiac Sphincter • Pyloric Sphincter

  6. Pancreas and Gallbladder • Pancreas is located behind the stomach • Produces insulin • Gallbladder is located on the liver • Stores bile • Gallstones

  7. Liver • Largest organ in the body • Located below diaphragm in URQ • Manufactures bile • Produces glycogen • Detox alcohol and drugs • Regeneration

  8. Spleen • Located behind the diaphragm in ULQ • Responsible for storing blood and recycling old RBC • May become enlarged due to malaria or mono • Medical emergency if ruptured

  9. Small Intestine • 20 feet long • 3 sections • Duodenum (1’) • Jejunum (8’) • Ileum (10’-12’) • Nutrients are absorbed • Villi assist in absorption

  10. Large Intestine (colon) • 5 feet long, 2 inches in diameter • Food enters from small intestine through ileocecal valve • Cecum • Appendix • Ascending, transverse, descending colon • Sigmoid colon • Rectum

  11. Kidneys • Bean shaped organs resting on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity • Maintains homeostatis • Nephron-functional unit • Ureters-carries urine from kidneys to bladder

  12. Bladder • Hollow, muscular organ • Acts like a reservoir and stores urine • 1 pint

  13. Kidney Contusion • Blow to the flank area in the back • S/S: shock, nausea, vomiting, hematuria • Refer to hospital immediately

  14. Liver Contusion • Caused by blow to right side • Pain can be referred to below right scapula and left side of chest • Medical emergency because of blood flow through liver

  15. Injury to Spleen • Can rupture with no apparent cause • Pain may radiate to left shoulder and arm • Person can live without a spleen but a medical emergency when ruptured

  16. Hernias • Protrusion of abdominal tissue through a portion of the abdominal wall • Inguinal or femoral • Congenital or result of activity • S/S: bulge, sharp or dull pain, worse thru day • Usually surgical

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