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Chapter 27

Chapter 27 . World War II. US Isolationism. WWI leads to WWII Kellogg-Briand Pact Expansionist Japan Stiminson Doctrine Good Neighbor policy- Removal of Platt Amendment Nye Committee Neutrality acts 1935- prohibit sale of arms to belligerents and later added no loans

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Chapter 27

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  1. Chapter 27 World War II

  2. US Isolationism • WWI leads to WWII • Kellogg-Briand Pact • Expansionist Japan • Stiminson Doctrine • Good Neighbor policy- Removal of Platt Amendment • Nye Committee • Neutrality acts 1935- prohibit sale of arms to belligerents and later added no loans • Did not distinguish between victim and aggressor • Panay incident

  3. US Intervention • Neutrality acts 1937- Cash and Carry • Quarantine Speech • 1938 Munich Pact signed • US passes first ever peacetime draft • Lend-Lease: provide the arsenal of Democracy • Later extended to Soviet Union • US occupation of Greenland and Iceland • Atlantic Charter- how to ensure allied victory (war), creation of United Nations, principles held in common by Churchill and FDR • Embargo upon Japan and froze assests

  4. Pacific • Japan expansionism • Resources (oil) and see as leader • Invade Manchuria in ‘31 • Invade French Indochina (Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam) • After embargos must fight • Dec. 7th, 1941 Pearl Harbor attacked same day attacked Philippines, Guam, Midway and GB’s Malay and Hong Kong • Dec. 10, 1941 Hitler and Mussolini Declares war on US

  5. Global War • Germany first – greater threat • U-boat war- U-boats nearing US east coast • General Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) nearing Suez Canal with Afrika Corps • Gen. MacArthur forced to flee Philippines Grand Alliance • Allies –big three-Stalin, Churchill, FDR

  6. No second front in Russia-focus in North Africa • Operation Torch- under command of Dwight Eisenhower • Battle of Midway • Solomon Islands

  7. Mobilization • "the arsenal of democracy“ • Industries converted to war production • increased the dominance of larger corporations. • Scientists also made critical contributions. • Manhattan Project • Sonar and radar usage • War production =shortages and dislocations. • Labor unions made gains. • John L. Lewis insisted on winning major concessions even if it hurt war production. • The need for income, new opportunities, and a sense of patriotism all attracted women, even those married and with children, to jobs.

  8. Executive order 9066: Japanese-Americans were herded into concentration camps. • Traditional forms of prejudice limited the opportunities of African-Americans and Hispanics. • Black leader A. Philip Randolph pressured Roosevelt into creating the Fair Employment Practices Commission. • The movement of minorities into industrial centers often created violent frictions. • Partisan politics continued. The foes of New Deal reform used the war as an excuse to end programs they opposed.

  9. Winning the War and the Peace • The Allies –Italy first • stormed the beaches of Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944. • Battle of the Bulge- German counterattack, the Allies marched toward Berlin. • By that time the forces of General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz had moved within bomber range of Japan. • Yalta in February 1945, Roosevelt had secured a Soviet pledge to enter the war against Japan, but serious divisions had arisen over Poland and Germany. • Yalta marked the final and most controversial episode of Roosevelt's diplomatic stewardship. Critics later charged that he had sold out American and Allied interests to the Communists; defenders pointed out that Roosevelt's concessions to Stalin on Poland, Eastern Europe, and Asia were unavoidable. Roosevelt died just weeks before the German surrender.

  10. In liberating Germany and Poland, Allied armies confronted the grisly evidence of the Holocaust. • Hitler had ordered the systematic extermination (final solution) of Europe's Jews and other groups stigmatized by Nazi ideology. • Harry Truman -United Nations and new international economic institutions into being, as well as managing increasingly strained relations with the Soviet Union. • The first successful test of an atomic bomb led to its use on two Japanese cities. The horror of those attacks brought the war swiftly to an end. • "World War II changed everything," an admiral remarked. It increased global interdependence -- politically and economically. In America it especially promoted economic centralization and government growth. And it made the United States the world's greatest power, with at least a temporary monopoly on the world's most awesome weapon.

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