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The Mughal Age

The Mughal Age. 16 th –18 th Century India An apex of Indian cultural traditions. Zahir ud din Muhammad. Babur Muslim emperor from Central Asia who used “leapfrog” tactics to conquer Northern India and crush the Dehli Sultanate. Babur. Nearly always possessed smaller forces.

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The Mughal Age

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  1. The Mughal Age 16th –18th Century India An apex of Indian cultural traditions

  2. Zahir ud din Muhammad • Babur • Muslim emperor from Central Asia who used “leapfrog” tactics to conquer Northern India and crush the Dehli Sultanate.

  3. Babur • Nearly always possessed smaller forces. • Extraordinary lineage. • Life devoted to conquest.

  4. Humayun • “intelligent but lazy” • Lacked his fathers “will”. • Forced to flee to Persia in 1540. • A key turning point. • Reconquered Dehli with Persian help.

  5. Akbar the Great • Born during Humayun’s exile in Persia. • Extremely intelligent and inquisitive.

  6. Akbar • Created the greatest Indian empire since the Mauryan dynasty. • Gave the impression of centralization, but it was actually decentralized kingdoms under the sheer force and dominance of his persona.

  7. Gunpowder Empire • Like the Ottomans they used artillery to consolidate their political control.

  8. Indo-Muslim Civilization • Remarkable tolerance for Hindus rolling back centuries of oppression. • Raised a Muslim but his religious curiosity knew no bounds. • Alienated orthodox Muslims with his views.

  9. Din-I-Ilahi • The syncretic belief system advocated by Akbar. A belief that employed Judeo-Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and Zoroastrian traditions. • Difficult to define • Based on imperial divinity • Aroused deep hostility amongst Muslims.

  10. Akbar and Hindus • Allowed Hindus opportunities to participate. • Abolished Jizya • Muslims followed Sharia • Hindus follwed Dharmashastra

  11. Fatehpur Sikri

  12. Jahangir • Coup attempt for Prince Salim • Although not a great military leader or a particularly effective administrator, he expanded the boundaries of the empire and presided over 20 years of relative prosperity. • NurJahan?

  13. Shah Jahan • A time of poverty during the 1640’s. Yet he continued conquest and expensive building projects.

  14. Taj Mahal • His beloved wife Mumtaz Muhal died during childbirth for child 13. • He built a building of unparralled beauty for her final resting place. • Plans were made for him to build a similar palace of black marble across the river from the Taj Mahal. • 20,000 masons working decades completed the project. • His son Aurangzeb would have none of it.

  15. Aurangzeb • A man of uncompromising principles. • A devout Muslim • Attacked many Hindu traditions • Restored Islamic dominance in Indian daily life.

  16. English in India • Entered for good after their victory over a shell of the former Mughal forces at the Battle of Plassey. • 3,000 defeated 30,000.

  17. English impacts • Disaster on Indian economy and industry. • Destroyed Mughal Empire. • Ended Indian sovereignty until 1947. • Attempted to “introduce” English methods. • Despite indigenous rebellions such as that of Haidar Ali, England ruled India for 3 centuries.

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