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World War I

World War I. AKA: The Great War!. Essential Question:. Discuss the domestic, political & international impact that World War I had on the U.S. . Causes of WWI:. Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Rivalry Entangling Alliances. Terms & People 1 st Set. Imperialism Rivalry Alliance

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World War I

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  1. World War I AKA: The Great War! Essential Question: Discuss the domestic, political & international impact that World War I had on the U.S. Causes of WWI: Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Rivalry Entangling Alliances

  2. Terms & People 1st Set Imperialism Rivalry Alliance Militarism Neutrality Balkans Woodrow Wilson Otto Von Bismarck Franz Ferdinand GavriloPrincep

  3. War Begins! • The Balkans… the Powder Keg of Europe! • Ottoman Empire leaving, Austro-Hungarian Empire taking over! • Independence for Balkan Ethnic Groups? NO!!!!! • Anger…. Militant Groups Form…. Violence Ensues Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary • Travelling to Sarajevo to “showcase the power of the empire” • ASSASSINATED!!!!!!! GAVRILO PRINCEP - Serbian Militant (The Black Hand) Austro-Hungarian Reactions??

  4. Terms & People 2nd Set Mobilization Schlieffen Plan Liege No Mans Land Trench Warfare 1St Battle of Marne Verdun Battle of the Somme Kaiser Wilhelm II Manfred von Richthofen Edward Rickenbacker

  5. Entangling Alliances • Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • Russia announced support for Serbia • Germany declared war on Russia & France (allies) • Great Britain = not sure what to do… then: • Germany invaded Belgium (quick route to Paris) • Great Britain promised to protect Belgian neutrality • Great Britain declared war on Germany • United States = Neutral… sort of… for now…

  6. Opposing Plans Germans = Schlieffen Plan How do you win a 2 front war? - Defeat 1st enemy as fast as possible, then fight the other! - Germans plan to defeat France, then turn to fight Russia

  7. French Plan? Defend along fortified border Counter attack deep into Germany The Early Phase of War • Germany attacked Belgium (Great Britain declared war on Germany) • Belgians put up a heck of a fight! (Liege) • Schlieffen plan is changed!!! • France defends itself just outside of Paris • 1st Battle of the Marne • Stalemate follows • Battle of the Somme • Battle of Verdun • Trench Warfare Technology in World War I - Page 632 of your text

  8. Trench Warfare German trenches near the Somme River (Photo Credit: Michael St. MaurSheil)

  9. Trench Warfare German Command Bunker: Leading up to the Battle of the Somme (Photo Credit: M.St. M.S.)

  10. Trench Warfare British man a machine gun at the Battle of the Somme (Photo Credit: Hulton-Deutsch Collection)

  11. Trench Warfare World War I Trench at Vimy: In April 1917, Canadian forces defeated the heavily entrenched Germans near Vimy, France. Today, the remnants of the German defenses have been preserved with concrete. (Photo Credit: Paul Almasy)

  12. Trench Warfare Soldiers Picking Lice from Clothes: Conditions in the trenches were miserable, with rampant dirt, vermin and disease. (Photo Credit: Bettmann)

  13. Trench Warfare German Trench and Bunker near Verdun: For nearly four years, the Allies and Germany fought over the Butte de Vauquois. The battles included a deadly series of attacks in which more than 500 mines were exploded beneath trenches, tunnels and buildings in the town. (Photo Credit: Michael St. MaurSheil)

  14. Terms & People 3rd Set! Sussex Pledge National Defense Act Zimmerman Note U-boat Lusitania Selective Service Act Doughboy Espionage Act Sedition Act William Jennings Bryan Robert Lansing Jeannette Rankin John J. Pershing William McAdoo Herbert Hoover Juliette Gordon Low

  15. The U.S. Goes to War! Remember the Neutrality plan? Well… it didn’t last • Cultural differences • Propaganda Caught in the middle! - British Naval Blockade - German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Lusitania • Tragic Event that turned American opinion • Led to the German Sussex Pledge • Mixed feelings in the U.S. • William Jennings Bryan (Sec. of State) • Robert Lansing (replaced Bryan) • By 1916 – U.S. arms sales to Allies up to $500 million!!

  16. U.S. “Preparedness” National Defense Act • 90,000-175,000 (223,000 eventually) • $313 Million to build up Navy “Peace without victory” …. Is it possible? Diplomacy Fails • Germany Resumes Unrestricted Sub War • US Breaks diplomatic relations • Zimmerman Note! • April 4, 1917 = WAR!!! • Jeannette Rankin

  17. Over There! US Mobilizes for war Selective Service Act - 4.8 Million “Yanks” were draftees! American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • John Pershing in command! • Reach Europe by June 1917 • Big boost in morale for allies • Americans introduce Convoy System as well! Life of a “Doughboy” • Race? • Training? • War Experience? Page 637!

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