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Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. Created by: Evelin Fuentes Rai Boone . Genetic Engineering 4.4.7. Genetic engineering : the deliberate manipulation of genetic material.

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Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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  1. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Created by: Evelin Fuentes Rai Boone

  2. Genetic Engineering 4.4.7 • Genetic engineering: the deliberate manipulation of genetic material. • Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins.

  3. Genetic Engineering • It is possible to move material between species because the genetic code is universal. • The transfer of genetic code can cause genetic mutations in animals

  4. Gene Transfer 4.4.8 • Gene transfer: Involves the use of plasmids, host cell (bacterium, yeast, or other cell), restriction enzymes (endonucleases), DNA ligase. • Gene therapy: The treatment of certain diseases by introducing specific engineered genes in a patients cells. • Vector: Is what is needed to carry the gene into the host cell; plasmids are often used as vectors. • Restriction enzyme: Used to cut a desired section of the DNA. • Plasmids: Used to clone a desired gene. • Host cell: The cell used to receive the genetic material.

  5. The use of gene transfer for diabetics • A human gene that codes for insulin can be inserted into a plasmid and then inserted into a host cell (bacterium). The bacterium then synthesis insulin which can then be collected and used by diabetics.

  6. Note- Gene transfer involves the following elements: a vector, a host cell, restriction enzyme, DNA ligase. • Step 1: Introduce the desired gene into a plasmid and transfer it into a bacterial cell, then culture the bacteria. • Note: many of the bacteria will have a plasmid with the desired gene • Step 2: Use restriction enzymes to cut the desired gene out of the plasmids and purify the gene using gel electrophoresis.

  7. Step 3:

  8. Current genetically modifies animals or crops 4.4.9

  9. Works Cited • "Genetic Code: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com: Wiki Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.answers.com/topic/genetic-code>. • "IB Biology Notes - Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology." IB Guides - Free International Baccalaureate Study Guides, Notes, Videos and Powerpoints. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.ibguides.com/biology/notes/genetic-engineering-and-biotechnology>. • "Gene Therapy: Definition from Answers.com." Answers.com: Wiki Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.answers.com/topic/gene-therapy>. • "BrainPOP | Science." BrainPOP - Animated Educational Site for Kids - Science, Social Studies, English, Math, Arts. Web. 13 Feb. 2012. <http://www.brainpop.com/science/>.

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