Open Educational Resources (OER ) in Asia in a Digitized World Grace J. Alfonso, PhD.

1. Open Educational Resources (OER) in Asia in a Digitized World Grace J. Alfonso, PhD. Chancellor University of the Philippines OPEN UNIVERSITY www.upou.edu.ph

2. In 2010, UPOU produced a community television program on science and technology (S&T) issues and technologies produced by R&D institutions in Los Baños INTRODUCTION

3. The UPOU offers mostly graduate programs through open and distance e-learning. INTRODUCTION Open Educational Resources (OER) in Asia in a Digitized World Grace J. Alfonso, PhD., UP OPEN UNIVERSITY

4. INTRODUCTION Panel discussion of S&T issues by local experts and citizens, feature stories on technologies developed by the agencies, trivia, and other information about the town’s history, culture, and tourism.

5. Produced through the efforts of volunteers from the UPOU and the R&D agencies. Aired on local cable operator offered for free To be uploaded in UPOU’s web-based station called UPOU Networks Covers local issues with universal themes INTRODUCTION

6. Received positive feedback from local citizens INTRODUCTION

7. Open Educational Resources in Asia and the Digitized World. INTRODUCTION

8. Benefits of OER to education has long been heralded INTRODUCTION

9. The proliferation of educational resources leading to user confusion Learner confusion Need for teacher’s guidance Academics’ involvement in OER development & delivery New conception of quality assurance ISSUES CONFRONTING OER

10. Popularization of complex scientific ideas Academics’ disdain for popularization Risk of oversimplification ISSUES CONFRONTING OER

11. Difficulty of pinning down authorship in a multimedia environment ISSUES CONFRONTING OER

12. OER suited to the Asian context Western “object” view vs. Asian “flow” view of resources OER in Asian languages Greater contribution from Asian academics in OER creation ISSUES CONFRONTING OER

13. Universities are crucial in OER development What roles can universities play in this environment? How do academics hold on to their mission in the midst of these changes? OER AND UNIVERSITIES

14. OER and the “universitas” (the larger community of scholars, the state that has given us the mandate to operate, as well as the citizenry from which we draw support) OER AND UNIVERSITIES

15. Education is a Social Contract OER AND UNIVERSITIES

16. Universities and Social Transformation developing competent professionals nurturing innovative ideas, facilitating discourse on important social issues developing useful technologies Free exchange of ideas OER AND UNIVERSITIES

17. OER AND UNIVERSITIES • E-learners and teachers embedded in ‘universitas’ values: • Academic freedom (Henkel, 2000; Kogan et al., 2000) • Humanism (Veugelers 2001) • Intellectual pluralism (Parker 2009) • Cultural diversity (Berger and Huntington 2002) • Academic excellence (Askling 2009; Jung, n.d.) • Democracy (Fallis 2005) • Service to society (Brennan and others 2004)

18. OER Values: Freedom (Tuomi 2006) Inclusivity (Hockings 2011) Access (Geith & Vignare 2008) Resource sharing (White and Manton 2011) Learner-centeredness (Ngalande 2011) Flexibility (Bartlett 2010) Reflection (Demimann 2011) OER and Universities

19. OER and Universitas values are supportive of each other OER AND UNIVERSITIES

20. WORLD VIEW Open Knowledge ICT ETHOS OER values Excellence Freedom Academic freedom Inclusivity Access Humanism Resource sharing Social Transformation Intellectual Pluralism Learner-centeredness Flexibility Cultural Diversity Reflection Democracy Service to Society Networked Information and Communication Technologies

21. This is more of a world view, an expression of values, a construction of how open knowledge can be enacted in the context of the ‘universitas’. OER AND UNIVERSITIES

22. Plurality of ideas Participatory and multi-perspective Resources with Asian perspective ISSUES FOR UNIVERSITIES

23. Production of scholarly texts in a networked world Involvement of academics Use of multimedia for research and dissemination ISSUES FOR UNIVERSITIES

24. ISSUES FOR UNIVERSITIES Collaboration in OER production • International collaboration • Collaboration with learners and communities of practice

25. Non-linearity of the medium ‘Orality’ in the online environment Teachers’ proficiency in new media Capacity building systems ISSUES FOR UNIVERSITIES

26. Instilling the ‘universitas’ ethos in the electronic environment Instilling values among highly dispersed learners New rituals for the online environment ISSUES FOR UNIVERSITIES

27. Digital divide ICT infrastructure Cognitive divide ISSUES IN ODeL

28. Who pays? New business models Advocating for public funding ISSUES IN OER

29. FINAL WORDS Maki-Makiling was an act of volunteerism and public service… an expression of plurality of ideas, access, and quality – the same values that cut across OER, Open knowledge, and the universitas.

30. FINAL WORDS • Future plans in OER and open knowledge: • MOOCson e-teaching world languages and technopreneurship • OERs on Filipino cultures and institutions • OOCs for the out-sourcing industries

31. OER offers a lot of opportunities for experimentation and innovation. FINAL WORDS

32. Thank You.