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Program

Program. Structure  OT Constructs formal grammars directly from markedness principles Strongly universalist: inherent typology  OT allows completely formal markedness-based explanation of highly complex data Acquisition

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Program

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  1. Program Structure OT • Constructs formal grammars directly from markedness principles • Strongly universalist: inherent typology  OT allows completely formal markedness-based explanation of highly complex data Acquisition  Initial state predictions explored through behavioral experiments with infants Neural Realization  Construction of a miniature, concrete LAD

  2. Program Structure OT • Constructs formal grammars directly from markedness principles • Strongly universalist: inherent typology  OT allows completely formal markedness-based explanation of highly complex data Acquisition  Initial state predictions explored through behavioral experiments with infants Neural Realization  Construction of a miniature, concrete LAD

  3. Phonological Representation Phonetics Lexicon  The Great Dialectic Phonological representations serve two masters MARKEDNESS FAITHFULNESS Locked in conflict

  4. OT from Markedness Theory • MARKEDNESSconstraints: *α: No α • But exactly when is α avoided? And exactly how? • FAITHFULNESS constraints • Fα demands that /input/  [output] leave α unchanged (McCarthy & Prince ’95) • Fα controls when α is avoided (and how) • Interaction of violable constraints: Ranking • α is avoided when *α ≫ Fα • α is tolerated when Fα≫ *α • M1≫M2 : combines multiple markedness dimensions • Fα≫ Fβ: determines how α is avoided (when it is)

  5. OT from Markedness Theory • MARKEDNESSconstraints: *α • FAITHFULNESS constraints: Fα • Interaction of violable constraints: Ranking • α is avoided when *α ≫ Fα • α is tolerated when Fα≫ *α • M1≫M2: combines multiple markedness dimensions • Fα≫ Fβ:determines how α is avoided (when it is) • Typology: All cross-linguistic variation results from differences in ranking – in how the dialectic is resolved (and in how multiple markedness dimensions are combined)

  6. OT from Markedness Theory • MARKEDNESSconstraints • FAITHFULNESS constraints • Interaction of violable constraints: Ranking • Typology: All cross-linguistic variation results from differences in ranking – in resolution of the dialectic • Harmony = MARKEDNESS+ FAITHFULNESS • A formally viable successor to Minimize Markednessis OT’s Maximize Harmony (among competitors)

  7.  Markedness Theory from OT Explanatory goals achieved by OT • Individual grammars are literally and formally constructed directly from universal markedness principles • Inherent Typology : Within the analysis of phenomenon Φ in language L is inherent a typology of Φ across all languages

  8. Program Structure OT • Constructs formal grammars directly from markedness principles • Strongly universalist: inherent typology  OT allows completely formal markedness-based explanation of highly complex data Acquisition  Initial state predictions explored through behavioral experiments with infants Neural Realization  Construction of a miniature, concrete LAD

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