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Even It It’s Only on Your Mind: Cognitive and Social Effects of Rudeness

Even It It’s Only on Your Mind: Cognitive and Social Effects of Rudeness. Amir Erez University of Florida. “Rudeness”. discrete mild verbal, non-physical attack ambiguity as to intent manifested as: treating with disrespect Crude behavior or words Impolite behaviors.

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Even It It’s Only on Your Mind: Cognitive and Social Effects of Rudeness

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  1. Even It It’s Only on Your Mind: Cognitive and Social Effects of Rudeness Amir Erez University of Florida

  2. “Rudeness” • discrete • mild • verbal, non-physical attack • ambiguity as to intent • manifested as: • treating with disrespect • Crude behavior or words • Impolite behaviors

  3. Manipulation: Experimenter rude to a confederate • 7 min into experiment, confederate arrived and apologized for being late • In the civil condition the experimenter accepted his apology but told him that the study had already started and therefore he could not participate in this session. • In the uncivil condition, the experimenter said, “What is it with you? You arrive late…you're irresponsible... look at you…how do you expect to hold a job in the real world?”

  4. Differences Between Neutral and Rude Conditions Notes: N= 74 (N=40 neutral condition, N=34 witnessing rudeness condition); *p < .05, **p < .01.

  5. Results • People in the neutral condition were almost three times [odd-ratio 2.78 (p < .05)] as likely to enact OCB as those in rudeness condition • People in the rudeness condition were almost eight times [odd-ratio 7.92 (p < .01)] as likely to write “murder” instead of “demure” (for “remdue”) as those in the neutral condition

  6. Implications for teams functioning in emergency situations (with Peter Bamberger and ArikRiskin) • Does rudeness affect medical decision making? • The impact of rudeness on iatrogenesis (44,000-98,000 death a year in the US) in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Israel • Medical diagnosis • Medical procedure • Medical treatment and medication errors • Simulation involving a doctor and two nurses treating a neonatal infant with necrotizing enterocolitis that will eventually lead to acute perforation of the bowel. • At a certain point in the simulation the infant’s “central line” explodes and the infant goes into cardiac arrest.

  7. Manipulation Peter introduces professor Greenberg the head of a critical head unit in one of the leading teaching hospitals in the US and an expert on team reflexivity. Neutral Greenberg:Thank you Peter. Indeed it’s my pleasure to be here in Israel to be doing this research with peter. I’ve already observed a number of teams for other hospitals here in Israel, and I am more convinced than ever that team reflexivity offers a very useful way for medical teams to learn. So good luck. Rude Greenberg: Thank you Peter. Indeed it’s my pleasure to be here in Israel to be doing this research with peter. I’ve already observed a number of teams from other hospitals here in Israel, and compared to teams that I’ve seen in the past, I can’t say I’m impressed with the quality of medicine here. I certainly believe that you guys have a lot to learn and that’s what team reflexivity is all about. In any case, good luck.

  8. Preliminary Results Notes: N= 72 (N=33 neutral condition, N=39 rudeness condition); *p < .05, **p < .01.

  9. Cognitive Effects of Rudeness

  10. Paired associates book-canoe rat-phone • rose-sock • corn-door Remember these word pairs by repeating them in your mind

  11. Differences Between Neutral and Rude Conditions

  12. Raven Test • Ten (10) Raven’s matrices • 8 minutes

  13. Erez, Porath, and Foulk • Traditional working memory tasks – Dual task Paradigm • Operation span task • Observing rudeness, Witnessing rudeness, priming rudeness • Does rudeness only interfere with only with articulatory processes or also with visuo-special processes? • Does rudeness affects the attention control system in working memory?

  14. Primes and Working Memory • e-mail was insulting store his • from are Florida oranges temperature • my she ignored phone requests • somewhat prepared I was calm • me aside down put she • sent I mail it over • is he disrespectful simple so • building it place there over • Participants see letters appear on the screen one at a time • See a math problems (1*2) + 1=? Is it 3 (true/false) • Participants then must recall the letters in the same order they saw them • The set of letters vary from 3-6 • Correlation between rudeness and absolute score (the sum of all perfectly recalled sets) was r=-.26*, and math error r=.31* • Working memory mediated the relationship between rudeness and anagram, brick, and creativity.

  15. Mediation of Working Memory Note: **p < .01, *p < .05.Witness Study (n=53), Prime Study (n=59)

  16. Effects of rudeness on inattiontional blindness Odd-ratio = 3.6 times more likely to notice gorilla when not in rude condition. http://www.theinvisiblegorilla.com/gorilla_experiment.html

  17. Differences Between Neutral and Rude Conditions – Tower of Hanoi

  18. Moderating effect of goal difficulty

  19. Moderating effect of goal difficulty

  20. Implications for Organizations • Are these findings obvious to managers? • The triviality of findings question • Does rudeness affect decision making? • Can people be inoculated against rudeness? • Should managers be always nice? • The ratio question

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