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IMEX / CAROLINA ESTRADA MARTÍNEZ / 76500030 / UPAEP TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION, SCRATCH. Refference Guide. Scratch is a new programming language that makes it easy to create interactive stories , games , and animations – and share your creations with others on the web .
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IMEX / CAROLINA ESTRADA MARTÍNEZ / 76500030 / UPAEP TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION, SCRATCH Refference Guide
Scratchis a new programminglanguagethatmakesiteasytocreateinteractivestories, games, and animations – and share yourcreationswithothersonthe web. • This Reference Guide providesanoverview of theScratch software. Ifyou are justgettingstartedwithScratch, weencourageyouto try theGettingStarted Guide first (availablefromtheSupportsectionontheScratchwebsite). Then, ifyouwant more detailedinformation, come back tothe Reference Guide. • TheScratchwebsite has manyotherresourcestohelpyoulearnScratch: Video tutorials, Scratchcards, and FrequentlyAskedQuestions (FAQs). Pleasesee http://info.scratch.mit.edu/Support/ • This guide isforScratchversion 1.4, releasedJuly 2009. Forthelatestversion of this Reference Guide, pleasesee: http://info.scratch.mit.edu/Support/
BASIC INGREDIENTS OF A SCRATCH PROJECT • Scratchprojects are made up of objectscalledsprites. You can changehow a sprite looks bygivingit a differentcostume. You can make a sprite look like a personor a trainor a butterflyoranythingelse. You can use anyimage as a costume: you can drawanimage in thePaint Editor, importanimagefromyourhard disk, ordrag in animagefrom a website. • You can giveinstructionsto a sprite, tellingittomoveorplaymusicorreacttoothersprites. Totell a spritewhatto do, yousnaptogethergraphic blocks intostacks, called scripts. Whenyouclickon a script, Scratchrunsthe blocks fromthe top of the script tothebottom.
STAGE Tofindout x-y positions ontheStage, movethe mouse (cursor) around and look at the mouse x-y displayjustbelowtheStage. • TheStageiswhereyouseeyourstories, games, and animations come tolife. Spritesmove and interactwithoneanotherontheStage. • TheStageis 480 unitswide and 360 unitstall. Itisdividedintoan x-y grid. Themiddle of theStage has an x-coordinate of 0 and a y-coordinate of 0. • ClickthePresentationModebuttonwhenyouwanttopresentyourproject. ToexitPresentationMode, presstheEsckey. • Clickthe View Modebuttonstoswitchbetweensmall and largestageview. You can use smallstageviewtodisplayScratchonsmallscreensortoexpandthe Scripts Area.
New Sprites • Whenyoustart a new Scratchproject, itbeginswith a single catsprite. Tocreate new sprites, clickonthesebuttons: • Paintyourowncostumefor a new spriteusingthePaint Editor. • Select a costumefor a new sprite – orimportanentiresprite • Get a surprisesprite. • Ifyouwanttodelete a sprite, selectthescissorsfromtheToolbar and clickonthesprite. Orright-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) onthesprite and selectdeletefromthe pop-up menu. • Tomake a spritethat looks likepart of theStagebackground, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) theStage and selectgrabscreenregionfor new sprite.
SPRITE LIST • TheSpriteListdisplaysthumbnailsforallsprites in a project. Thename of eachspriteappearsbelowitsthumbnail. • Tosee and edit a sprite’s scripts, costumes, and sounds, clickonthesprite’sthumbnail in theSpriteList – ordouble-clickonthespriteitselfontheStage. (Theselectedspriteishighlighted and outlined in blue in theSpriteList.) • To show, export, duplicate, ordelete a sprite, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) onthesprite’sthumbnail in theSpriteList. To show a spritethatis off theStageorhidden, Shift+clickonthesprite’sthumbnail in theSpriteList - thiswillbringthespritetothemiddle of theStage and show it. • You can rearrangethesprites in theSpriteListbydraggingthethumbnails. • Just as a sprite can changeitsappearancebyswitchingcostumes, theStage can changeitsappearancebyswitchingbackgrounds. Tosee and editthe scripts, backgrounds, and soundsassociatedwiththeStage, clickontheStageicon at theleft of theSpriteList.
COSTUMES • ClicktheCostumestabtosee and editthesprite’scostumes. • ThisSprite has twocostumes. Thesprite’scurrentcostume (girl1-walking) ishighlighted. Toswitchto a differentcostume, simplyclickonthethumbnail of thecostumeyouwant. • There are fourwaystocreate new costumes: • Clicktopaint a new costume in thePaint Editor. • Clicktoimportanimage file fromyourhard disk. • Clicktotakephotosfrom a webcam (builtintoorconnectedtoyourcomputer). • Each time youclickthebutton(orpressthespacebar), ittakes a photo. • Drag in oneor more imagesfromthe web oryour desktop. Scratchrecognizesmanyimageformats: JPG, BMP, PNG, GIF (includinganimated GIF). • Eachcostume has a costumenumber (displayedtoitsleft). You can rearrangetheorder of thecostumesbydraggingthethumbnails. Thecostumenumbersupdateifyouchangetheirorder. • Right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) on a costumethumbnailtoconvertthecostumeinto a new sprite, ortoexport a copy of thecostume as a separate file.
SOUND • ClicktheSoundstabtoseethesprite’ssounds. • You can record new soundsorimportsound files. Scratch can read MP3 files and uncompressed WAV, AIF, and AU files (encodedwith 8-bits or 16-bits per sample, butnot 24-bits per sample).
ROTATION STyLE • ClicktheRotation Style buttonsto control howthecostumeappears as thespritechangesitsdirection. • Rotate: Thecostumerotates as thespritechangesdirection. • Left-rightflip: Thecostume faces eitherleftorright. • No-rotate: Thecostumeneverrotates (even as thespritechangesdirection).
TOOLBAR • ClickontheToolbartoselect a tool, thenclickonotherobjectstoperformanaction. • Duplicate: Duplicatesprites, costumes, sounds, blocks, or scripts. (Shift+clickformultiple.) • Delete: Deletesprites, costumes, sounds, blocks, and scripts. (Shift+clickformultiple.) • Grow: Makespritesbigger. (Shift+clickforlargersizesteps.) • Shrink: Makespritessmaller. (Shift+clickforlargersizesteps.) • Toreturntothearrow cursor , clickonanyblankarea of thescreen.
MENU • ClicktheLanguageicontochangethelanguagefortheScratchuser interface. Anyone can addoreditlanguagetranslations of Scratch. Toaddorchange a translation, pleaserefertotheSupportsection of theScratchwebsite (http://info.scratch.mit.edu/Translation/). • ClicktheSaveicontosaveyourproject. • Clickthe Share icontouploadyourprojecttotheScratchwebsite. • Fromthe File menuyou can create a new project, open anexistingproject, and saveprojectstotheScratchProjects folder ortootherlocations. • Import Project bringsall of thesprites and backgroundsfromanotherprojectintothecurrentproject. Thisfeatureisusefulforcombiningspritesfrommultipleprojects. • ExportSpritesavesthecurrentsprite as a .sprite file, which can then be importedintoanotherproject.
GREEN FLAG • The Green Flagprovidesa convenientwaytostartmany scripts at thesame time. Clickthe Green Flag (at the top-rightcorner of thestage) tostartall scripts thathave at the top. • The Green Flagremainshighlightedwhile scripts are running. • In PresentationMode, pressing theEnterkey has thesameeffect as clickingthe Green Flag. • OntheScratchwebsite, as soon as youview a project, the Green Flagisautomaticallytriggered.
PAINT EDITOR • You can use thePaint Editor tocreateoreditcostumes and backgrounds.
BLOCk DESCRIPTIONS • TheScratch blocks are organizedintoeight color-codedcategories: Motion, Looks, Sound, Pen, Control, Sensing, Operators, and Variables.
BLOCk DESCRIPTIONS The motor blocks onlyappearifyouchoose Show Motor Blocks in theEditmenuorifyouplug in a LEGO WeDo. These blocks workwith a LEGO WeDo motor.
