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25(+) Years of Research in Nuclear and Particle Physics

25(+) Years of Research in Nuclear and Particle Physics. Prof. Donald Koetke Valparaiso University. 5 February 2010. Outline. Nuclear Physics vs. Particle Physics Experiment Goals Experimental Methods A Timeline The Local Players The Future. Nuclear Physics.

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25(+) Years of Research in Nuclear and Particle Physics

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  1. 25(+) Years of Research in Nuclear and Particle Physics Prof. Donald Koetke Valparaiso University 5 February 2010

  2. Outline • Nuclear Physics vs. Particle Physics • Experiment Goals • Experimental Methods • A Timeline • The Local Players • The Future

  3. Nuclear Physics • Nucleus: any assembly of one or more nucleons • Nucleon: proton or neutron • Simplest nuclei: 1H (proton); 2H (deuteron) • Nuclear physics (I): any experiment whose goal it is to learn about the properties of the nucleus. • Nuclear physics (II): any experiment in which a nucleus plays a role (e.g., as a target)

  4. Z Nuclear Physics N

  5. Particle Physics • Particle physics (I): study of members of the “particle zoo” • Baryon family (n,p,o,o,+,-,o,+,-, …) • Meson family (,,,K,,,,B,D, …) • Lepton family (e,,,e,, ) • Force propagators (,…,,W+,W-, o) • Particle physics (II): study of • quarks, leptons, bosons (photons, gluons, W+,W-, o) • Particle physics(III): studies of the Standard Model

  6. Particle Physics

  7. Research Goals To understand and describe nature in terms of its most fundamental objects and interactions.

  8. - K+ + How to do these experiments? Source Detector H Synchrotron HydrogenInteraction Target Linac DAQ Cu Production Target VelocitySelector MomentumSelector

  9. ANL S17 Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL Research Timeline

  10. S17 Why? ?

  11.  = 53 d S17 Why? How do you test this theory? What gets out of the center of the sun that you can measure?

  12. Predicted Measured S17 Why? “Solar Neutrino Problem” A reaction rate used in the Solar Model is wrong! Hypothesis:

  13.  = 53 d S17 Why? How do you test this theory? What gets out of the center of the sun that you can measure?

  14. S17 Where? 4 MeV Dynamatron proton accelerator

  15. 4 S17

  16. Appear ANL S17 Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL US DOE Research Grant at VU Research Timeline

  17. Predicted Measured Will NOT be detected in expt! Appear Why? “Solar Neutrino Problem” Hypothesis:

  18. Appear Why? Implications -- Explain Cold Dark Matter? Standard Model is Wrong

  19. Appear Where?

  20. 7400 ft Town Laboratory Appear Where?

  21. Accelerator (LAMPF) p (800 MeV) Appear Where? 

  22. Appear 30

  23. Appear ANL S17 MEGA Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL US DOE Research Grant at VU Research Timeline

  24. Lepton families do NOT mix. MEGA Why? Q: Why NOT?? A: ?????

  25. Accelerator (LAMPF) p (800 MeV) MEGA Where?  

  26. 28 MEGA

  27. 67 MEGA

  28. Crystal Ball Appear ANL S17 MEGA Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL US DOE Research Grant at VU Research Timeline

  29. Crystal Ball • Previous data were limited in precision because of limited detection efficiencies. Why? • We had access to a much more advanced detector with much better efficiency for detecting high energy photons.

  30. Crystal Ball Detector 672 NaI detectors Alternating Gradiant Synchrotron Crystal Ball Where?

  31. Crystal Ball 43

  32. Crystal Ball 43

  33. Crystal Ball Appear ANL NuSea S17 MEGA Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL US DOE Research Grant at VU Research Timeline

  34. u u d d d u Proton Neutron Nuclear Sea (of quarks) NuSea Why? The sea quarks must be very important for nucleons

  35. Nuclear Sea (of quarks) NuSea Where?

  36. Nuclear Sea (of quarks) NuSea 32

  37. Crystal Ball TWIST Appear ANL NuSea S17 MEGA Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL US DOE Research Grant at VU Research Timeline

  38. Triumf Weak Interaction Symmetry Test TWIST Why? Standard Model Values

  39. Triumf Weak Interaction Symmetry Test TWIST Why? Actual Measured Values

  40. TWIST Where? Vancouver, BC

  41. TWIST 36 • Improve precision on the weak interaction physics by ~factor of 10! • So far all values agree with Standard Model (assumed) values. • Stay tuned for final results… New & final results will be released at the APS meeting in D.C. next week!

  42. Crystal Ball TWIST Appear ANL NuSea S17 MEGA Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL US DOE Research Grant at VU Research Timeline

  43. Solenoid Tracker At RHIC STAR Why? • Because the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of every proton we have ever seen is exactly the same - but nobody knows how it comes to be this value!! We need to understand this at a fundamental level. • Because we now have the tools to do this experiment and the composite model of the proton is now well established - probably.

  44. STAR RHIC counter-circulating beams Where?

  45. STAR

  46. STAR 369

  47. STAR

  48. 53 STAR

  49. STAR

  50. nEDM Crystal Ball TWIST Appear ANL NuSea S17 MEGA Y* US DOE Funding ANL & LANL US DOE Research Grant at VU Research Timeline

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