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2,040,000

2,040,000. X 27. Dictators and War. Section 23.1. Objectives. Explain the circumstances that allowed for the Nazi rise to power in Germany Identify the characteristics of a Totalitarian state Evaluate the actions of Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Japan before the outbreak of war.

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2,040,000

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  1. 2,040,000 X 27

  2. Dictators and War Section 23.1

  3. Objectives Explain the circumstances that allowed for the Nazi rise to power in Germany Identify the characteristics of a Totalitarian state Evaluate the actions of Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Japan before the outbreak of war

  4. Adolf Hitler - Fuhrer German Leader during WWII Austrian Served with German Army during WWI Joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) after WWI

  5. Benito Mussolini – Il Duce Italian Leader during WWII Born in Italy Mussolini and the “Black Shirts” fought against Socialists and Communists to gain power

  6. Joseph Stalin Leader of the Soviet Union Georgian Following Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924, Stalin took power of the Communist party in the Soviet Union

  7. Totalitarianism Single-Party dictatorship Strong charismatic leader State control over the economy Use of fear to enforce the will of the state Use of propaganda to indoctrinate citizens Strict censorship of opposing opinions

  8. Treaty of Versailles • Restricted German Armed forces • Lost territory for the German Republic • Germany is forced to pay reparations • About 226 Billion Reich marks

  9. Hitler’s Rise to Power • Value of German Mark • 1914-4:1 American Dollars • July 1923 – 160,000:1 • August 1923 – 1,000,000:1 • November 1923 – 130,000,000,000:1 • 1923 Beer Hall Putsch • Hitler’s attempt to seize power in Germany • Arrested and sentenced to 9 months in prison

  10. Hitler’s Rise to Power • Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Preached anti-Semitism • Outlined his plans on restoring the German Nation • Revered the “Master Race” of Aryans • Rise in Nazi support • Struggling economy, unemployment and a hope for a better Germany

  11. Hitler Gains Power • By July 1932 the Nazi Party had became the largest party in the Reichstag (Legislature) • January 30, 1933 – President Paul von Hindenburg offered Adolf Hitler the position of Chancellor • February 1933 – Reichstag building was burned down • Hitler claimed it was an attack by Communists • August 1934 – Hindenburg dies suddenly • Hitler combines the office of President and Chancellor and assumes the role of Fuhrer

  12. Fascism • A government ideology that promotes Nationalism • People in a Fascist states main goal is to promote their country in any way possible • Benito Mussolini • Took power in Italy in 1922 forming a Fascist government • Outlawed political parties • Restricted the press • Created a secret police • Adolf Hitler • Looked up to Mussolini (at first) as a Fascist leader and instilled Fascism as the national ideology in Germany

  13. Joseph Stalin • Wanted to transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power • 1930’s Instituted the “Great Terror” • series of campaigns of political repression and persecution • Other political leaders, members of the Red Army and peasants were murdered • Deaths tolled around 10 million

  14. German Expansion Lebensraum (Living Space) Against the Treaty of Versailles – Hitler ordered the military to be rebuilt 1935 Invasion of the Saar 1936 Retaking Rhineland 1938 forced Austria to join Germany- Union called Anschluss 1938 Invasion of Sudetenland

  15. Italian Expansion 1935 invasion of Ethiopia 1939 invasion of Albania

  16. Reactions to Expansion • Appeasement- policy of granting concessions to a potential enemy in hope that it will maintain peace • Only led to Fascist leaders to more expansion • Reasons for Appeasement • Did not want to repeat World War I • Threat of the Soviet Union • France and Britain were not ready for war • Munich Pact- British PM Chamberlain met with Hitler to negotiate peace. • Hitler agreed to the terms (for now)

  17. Japanese Expansion • NOT a totalitarian state • Feudal Monarchy – Emperor • Tough Economic times of the 1930’s caused for change • Militarist leaders believed that through expansion, it would bring economic prosperity • 1931 invasion of Manchuria • 1937 invasion of China • Rape of Nanjing • More than 200,000 civilian deaths • 20,000-80,000 Chinese women were raped by Japanese soldiers

  18. Objectives Explain the circumstances that allowed for the Nazi rise to power in Germany Identify the characteristics of a Totalitarian state Evaluate the actions of Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Japan before the outbreak of war

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