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Chapter 11 – Chemical Reactions In chemical reactions, old bonds are broken

Chapter 11 – Chemical Reactions In chemical reactions, old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - the breaking of bonds requires energy (absorbs energy) - the forming of new bonds releases energy - the atoms involved are not created or destroyed, they just rearrange

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Chapter 11 – Chemical Reactions In chemical reactions, old bonds are broken

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  1. Chapter 11 – Chemical Reactions In chemical reactions, old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - the breaking of bonds requires energy (absorbs energy) - the forming of new bonds releases energy - the atoms involved are not created or destroyed, they just rearrange Ex: CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O Hydrocarbon – combo of C’s and H’s that burn (react with oxygen) to produce CO2 and H2O. (s) – solid Fe(s) + O2(g) Fe2O3(s) (l) – liquid (g) – gas indicate physical state of matter (aq) – aqueous

  2. MnO2 H2O2(l) H2O(l) + O2(g) indicates a catalyst – a substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up.

  3. Balancing Equations - same # of atoms on each side ___H2(g) + ___O2(g) ___H2O(l) ___Ag(NO3)(aq) + ___Cu(s) ___Cu(NO3)(aq) + ___Ag(s) ___Al(s) + ___O2(g) ___Al2O3(s) HW# 1a) __PbO2 __PbO + __O2 b) __P + __O2 __P4O10

  4. #2a) carbon + oxygen carbon monoxide b) Potassium nitrate potassium nitrite + oxygen c) Hydrogen + sulfur hydrogen sulfide Ch11 HW#1 1,2

  5. HW #1 - 1,2 1 c) _ Al + _ N2_AlN d) _ Li + _ FeBr2_ Li Br + _Fe f) _NaCl + _H2(SO4) _HCl + _ Na2(SO4) g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4_ Fe + 4 H2O h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

  6. HW #1 - 1,2 1 c) 2 Al + 1 N22AlN d) _ Li + _ FeBr2_ Li Br + _Fe f) _NaCl + _H2(SO4) _HCl + _ Na2(SO4) g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4_ Fe + 4 H2O h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

  7. HW #1 - 1,2 1 c) 2 Al + 1 N22AlN d) 2 Li + FeBr22 Li Br + Fe f) _NaCl + _ H2(SO4) _HCl + _ Na2(SO4) g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4_ Fe + 4 H2O h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

  8. HW #1 - 1,2 1 c) 2 Al + 1 N22AlN d) 2 Li + FeBr22 Li Br + Fe f) 2NaCl + H2(SO4) 2HCl + Na2(SO4) g) _ H2 + _ Fe3O4_ Fe + 4 H2O h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

  9. HW #1 - 1,2 1 c) 2 Al + 1 N22AlN d) 2 Li + FeBr22 Li Br + Fe f) 2NaCl + H2(SO4) 2HCl + Na2(SO4) g) 4 H2 + Fe3O43 Fe + 4 H2O h) _ Al + _ Cu(SO4) _ Al2(SO4)3 + _ Cu

  10. HW #1 - 1,2 1 c) 2 Al + 1 N22AlN d) 2 Li + FeBr22 Li Br + Fe f) 2NaCl + H2(SO4) 2HCl + Na2(SO4) g) 4 H2 + Fe3O43 Fe + 4 H2O h) 2 Al + 3 Cu(SO4) Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Cu

  11. 2d) Iron(III)chloride + calcium hydroxide iron(III)hydroxide + calcium chloride e) sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen f) hydrogen + sulfur hydrogen sulfide

  12. 2d) Iron(III)chloride + calcium hydroxide iron(III)hydroxide + calcium chloride 2 FeCl3 + 3 Ca(OH)22 Fe(OH)3 + 3 CaCl2 e) sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Na + H2O Na(OH) + H2 2 Na + 2 H(OH) 2 Na(OH) + H2 f) hydrogen + sulfur hydrogen sulfide H2 + S H2S

  13. Ch11.2 – Types of Reactions: Combination and Decomposition Only be certain of the outcome of a reaction by actually performing an experiment. 1. Combination Reaction - 2 or more substances react to form a single substance. Mg(s) + O2(g) S(s) + O2(g) SO3(g) CaO(s) + H2O(l)

  14. Only be certain of the outcome of a reaction by actually performing an experiment. 1. Combination Reaction - 2 or more substances react to form a single substance. 2 Mg(s) + O2(g)2MgO(s) 2 S(s) + 3 O2(g)2 SO3(g) CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq)

  15. HW #3c) Ca + S d) Fe + O2(Iron (II) oxide)

  16. HW #3c) Ca + S Ca + S CaS d) Fe + O2(Iron (II) oxide) 2 Fe + O22FeO

  17. 2. Decomposition Reactions – a single compound is broken down into 2 or more products. H2O(l) Mercury (II) oxide C12H22 O11 Ch11 HW#2 3,4

  18. 2. Decomposition Reactions – a single compound is broken down into 2 or more products. 2 H2O(l)2 H2 + O2 Mercury (II) oxide Hg+2 O-2 2HgO2 Hg + O2 C12H22 O1112 C + 11 H20 Ch11 HW#2 3,4

  19. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 3a) _ Mg + _ O2 b) P + O2TetraphosphorousDecoxide e) _ NO + _O2

  20. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 3a) _ Mg + _ O2 _ MgO 2 Mg + 1 O22MgO b) P + O2TetraphosphorousDecoxide e) _ NO + _O2 _ NO2

  21. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 3a) _ Mg + _ O2 _ MgO 2 Mg + 1 O22MgO b) P + O2TetraphosphorousDecoxide 4 P + 5 O2 P4O10 e) _ NO + _O2 _ NO2

  22. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 3a) _ Mg + _ O2 _ MgO 2 Mg + 1 O22MgO b) P + O2TetraphosphorousDecoxide 4 P + 5 O2 P4O10 e) _ NO + _O2 _ NO2 2 NO + 1O22 NO2

  23. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4a) HBr b) NaCl c) Ag2O d) HgO

  24. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4a) HBr H2 + Br2 2HBr H2 + Br2 b) NaCl Na + Cl2 c) Ag2O Ag + O2 d) HgO Hg + O2

  25. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4a) HBr H2 + Br2 2HBr H2 + Br2 b) NaCl Na + Cl2 2NaCl2 Na + Cl2 c) Ag2O Ag + O2 d) HgO Hg + O2

  26. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4a) HBr H2 + Br2 2HBr H2 + Br2 b) NaCl Na + Cl2 2NaCl2 Na + Cl2 c) Ag2O Ag + O2 2 Ag2O 4 Ag + O2 d) HgO Hg + O2

  27. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4a) HBr H2 + Br2 2HBr H2 + Br2 b) NaCl Na + Cl2 2NaCl2 Na + Cl2 c) Ag2O Ag + O2 2 Ag2O 4 Ag + O2 d) HgO Hg + O2 2 HgO2 Hg + O2

  28. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4e) Copper (I) chloride f) Copper (II) chloride

  29. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4e) Copper (I) chloride Cu+1 Cl-1 2 CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 f) Copper (II) chloride

  30. Ch11 HW#2 (3,4) 4e) Copper (I) chloride Cu+1 Cl-1 2 CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 f) Copper (II) chloride Cu+2 Cl-1 1 CuCl21 Cu + 1 Cl2

  31. Ch11.2 Cont. Single Displacement Reactions – atoms of one element replace the atoms of a second element in a compound. Zn + HCl Li + H2O Mg + AgNO3 Mg + KNO3

  32. HW# 5 d) Cl2(l) + KI(aq) I2 + KCl f) Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) Fe + Cu2SO4

  33. Double Replacement Reactions – involves the exchange of positive ions between 2 compounds. Usually one of the following occurs: One product is a precipitate. Na2S(aq) + Cd(NO3)2(aq) CdS(s) + NaNO3(aq)

  34. Double Replacement Reactions – involves the exchange of positive ions between 2 compounds. Usually one of the following occurs: One product is a precipitate. Na2S(aq) + Cd(NO3)2(aq) CdS(s) + NaNO3(aq) 2. One product is a gas, bubbles out. NaCN(aq) + H2SO4(aq) HCN(g) + Na2SO4(aq)

  35. Double Replacement Reactions – involves the exchange of positive ions between 2 compounds. Usually one of the following occurs: One product is a precipitate. Na2S(aq) + Cd(NO3)2(aq) CdS(s) + NaNO3(aq) 2. One product is a gas, bubbles out. NaCN(aq) + H2SO4(aq) HCN(g) + Na2SO4(aq) 3. One product is a molecule, possibly water. Ca(OH)2 + HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H(OH)(l) Ch11 HW#3 5,6

  36. Ex: AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) Ch11 HW#3 5,6

  37. HW #3 - 5,6 5a) _ Ag(s) + _ KNO3(aq) b) _ Zn(s) + _ AgNO3(aq) c) _ Al(s) + _ S2SO4(aq) e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

  38. HW #3 - 5,6 5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq)1 K + 1 AgNO3 b) _ Zn(s) + _ AgNO3(aq) c) _ Al(s) + _ S2SO4(aq) e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

  39. HW #3 - 5,6 5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq)1 K + 1 AgNO3 b) 1 Zn(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq)2 Ag + 1 Zn(NO3)2 c) _ Al(s) + _ S2SO4(aq) e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

  40. HW #3 - 5,6 5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq)1 K + 1 AgNO3 b) 1 Zn(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq)2 Ag + 1 Zn(NO3)2 c) 2 Al(s) + 3 S2SO4(aq)3 H2 + 1 Al2(SO4)3 e) _ Li(s) + _ H2O(l)

  41. HW #3 - 5,6 5a) 1 Ag(s) + 1 KNO3(aq)1 K + 1 AgNO3 b) 1 Zn(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq)2 Ag + 1 Zn(NO3)2 c) 2 Al(s) + 3 S2SO4(aq)3 H2 + 1 Al2(SO4)3 e) 2 Li(s) + 1 H2O(l)1 H2 + 1 Li2O

  42. HW#3 - 5,6 6a) HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3 c) KOH + H3PO4

  43. 6a) HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca+2 Cl-1 + H(OH) ___HCl(aq) + ___Ca(OH)2(aq) ___CaCl2 + ___H(OH) 2HCl(aq) + 1 Ca(OH)2(aq)1 CaCl2 + 2 H(OH) b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3 c) KOH + H3PO4

  44. 6a) HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca+2 Cl-1 + H(OH) ___HCl(aq) + ___Ca(OH)2(aq) ___CaCl2 + ___H(OH) 2HCl(aq) + 1 Ca(OH)2(aq)1 CaCl2 + 2 H(OH) b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3 Ag+1 Cl-1 + Al+3 SO4-2 ___ Ag2SO4 + ___AlCl3 ___AgCl + ___Al2(SO4)3 3 Ag2SO4 + 2 AlCl36 AgCl + 1 Al2(SO4)3 c) KOH + H3PO4

  45. 6a) HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca+2 Cl-1 + H(OH) ___HCl(aq) + ___Ca(OH)2(aq) ___CaCl2 + ___H(OH) 2HCl(aq) + 1 Ca(OH)2(aq)1 CaCl2 + 2 H(OH) b) Ag2SO4 + AlCl3 Ag+1 Cl-1 + Al+3 SO4-2 ___ Ag2SO4 + ___AlCl3 ___AgCl + ___Al2(SO4)3 3 Ag2SO4 + 2 AlCl36 AgCl + 1 Al2(SO4)3 c) KOH + H3PO4 K+1 PO4-3 + H(OH) ___KOH + ___H3PO4 ___K3PO4 + ___H(OH) 3 KOH + 1 H3PO4 1 K3PO4 + 3 H(OH)

  46. 6d) H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3

  47. 6d) H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 Al+3 SO4-2 + H(OH) ___H2SO4 + ___Al(OH)3 ___Al2(SO4)3 + ___H(OH) 3 H2SO4 + 2 Al(OH)3 1 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H(OH) SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3

  48. 6d) H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 Al+3 SO4-2 + H(OH) ___H2SO4 + ___Al(OH)3 ___Al2(SO4)3 + ___H(OH) 3 H2SO4 + 2 Al(OH)3 1 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H(OH) SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3 Sr+2 CO3-2 + NH4+1 Br-1 ___SrBr2 + ___(NH4)2CO3 ___SrCO3 + ___NH4Br 1 SrBr2 + 1 (NH4)2CO3 1 SrCO3 + 2 NH4Br

  49. Ch11.2c – Combustion Reactions An element or compound reacts with oxygen producing energy in the form of heat and light. Hydrocarbons: ___CH4 + ___O2 ___C2H6 + ___O2 ___C3H8 + ___O2 Methane Ethane Propane

  50. ID type of rxns & balance HW - 8a) ___Hf + ___N2 ___Hf3N4 ____ b) ___Mg + ___H2SO4 ___MgSO4 + ___H2 ____ c) ___C2H6 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O ____ d) ___Pb(NO3)2 + ___NaI ___PbI2 + ___NaNO3 ____ Ch11 HW #4 7,8

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