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Introduction on Applied Behavior Analysis

Introduction on Applied Behavior Analysis. Workshop 1 Eunice Park. Workshop 1 agenda:. Introductions Ice breaker game What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)? Quick! Think fast! Basic concepts of ABA Quick! Think fast! Break. What is a motivating operation (MO)? Developing new behavior

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Introduction on Applied Behavior Analysis

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  1. Introduction on Applied Behavior Analysis Workshop 1 Eunice Park

  2. Workshop 1 agenda: • Introductions • Ice breaker game • What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)? • Quick! Think fast! • Basic concepts of ABA • Quick! Think fast! • Break • What is a motivating operation (MO)? • Developing new behavior • Imitation-Imitation • S-Sh-Sha-Shap-Shapi-Shapin-Shapin-Shaping • Chaining..Gniniahc

  3. Workshop 1 agenda: • Hi team, My name is Eunice and today’s workshop will be focusing on the foundation of Applied Behavior Analysis. Today’s workshop will be packed with information, but will be used in the following 2 workshops, and my goal is that the information learned today, will make the application portion of the workshops that follow, easier. I want to thank you for taking time out of your schedules for these 3 workshops. We are all a TEAM!

  4. Ice breaker • Please introduce yourselves (even if you know one another) and tell us what animal you would be if you had to choose, and why. • Hint hint: Remember what your colleagues say, because this may show up in a “Quick! Think fast!” section. • I would be a bunny, because that is the animal of the year I was born, and I like to “hop” around 

  5. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) in the special needs population • The workshop as a whole will focus on applying ABA in the special needs population. • The examples that follow in the following workshops (day 2 and 3), will pertain to working with children affected by autism or a related disorder.

  6. What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)? • According to Cooper (2007), ABA is a science devoted to the understanding and improvement of human behavior. • ABA focuses on objectively and operationally defined behaviors of social significance. ABA is the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change. http://youtu.be/y5RANWVW3SI Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  7. Quick! Think fast! • Tell me, what animal did I say I was? • Bird • Fish • Bunny • ABA focuses on subjectively defined behaviors of social significance. • True • False

  8. Basic concepts of ABA Present/increase stimulus Withdraw/decrease stimulus Effect on future occurrence of behavior POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT POSITIVE PUNISHMENT NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  9. A-B-C • Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence • Antecedent: what occurred before the behavior • Behavior: what occurred • Consequence: what occurred after the behavior • Example: The therapist said, “copy me” and clapped her hands (A). The child responded, and clapped their hands (B). The therapist socially praised and reinforced the behavior with a cookie (C).

  10. What increases the occurrence of behavior? • Reinforcement (SR+): this increases the future occurrence of behavior. • Positive reinforcement: behavior is immediately followed by the presentation of a stimulus • Negative reinforcement: occurrence of response produces removal of a stimulus http://youtu.be/wfraBsz9gX4 This video talks about positive and negative reinforcement Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  11. What decreases occurrence of behavior? • Punishment: this decreases the future occurrence of behavior • Positive punishment: behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases future occurrence of behavior • Negative punishment: behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that decreases future occurrence of behavior Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  12. Quick! Think fast! • Positive reinforcement increases the future occurrence of behavior by the addition of a stimulus. • True • False • Which of these decreases the future occurrence of behavior? • Negative punishment • Negative reinforcement • Take a 10 minute break Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  13. What is a motivating operation (MO)? • A motivating operation (MO) is an environmental variable that: • Increases/decreases the reinforcing/punishing effectiveness of some stimulus • Increases/decreases the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced/punished by that stimulus Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  14. Motivating Operations (MO) • Establishing operation (EO): • Increase value/SR+ effectiveness • Evocative effect: • Increase current frequency • Abolishing operation (AO): • Decrease value/SR+ effectiveness • Abative effect: • Decrease current frequency Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  15. Developing new behavior • Imitation • any physical movement may function as a model • Imitative behavior must immediately follow the presentation of the model • Have formal similarity (model and behavior are the same) • Shaping • Process of systematically and differentially reinforcing successive approximations to an end behavior • Used everyday to acquire new behaviors on a daily basis http://youtu.be/TtfQlkGwE2U Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  16. Developing new behavior • Chaining, aka behavior chain is a sequence of responses. Each response serves as a cue for the next response. • Chaining is used in our everyday lives. • Example: Handwashing • Turn on water • Get soap • Rub hands with soap • Rinse hands in water • Turn off water • Dry hands on towel Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

  17. Workshop 2 • Tomorrow’s workshop will focus on these items: • What can we do to decrease behavior, without the use of punishment? • Quick! Think fast! (One last one) • Promoting behavior change • Ethics for ABA

  18. Thank you! See you tomorrow!

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