Quantitative & Qualitative Approaches

1. Quantitative & Qualitative Approaches Harlina Nathania Lukman

2. Questions • What is quantitative research? • What is qualitative research? • How did quantitative and qualitative research develop? • What are the characteristics of quantitative research? • What are the characteristics of qualitative research? • What are the characteristics that distinguish and are similar for quantitative and qualitative research in each of the six steps of research? • What are the research designs used as procedures in quantitative, qualitative, or combined (or mixed) approaches? • How do you choose whether to use the quantitative or qualitative approach?

3. No. 1 Quantitative Research A type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study, asks specific, narrow questions, collects numeric data from participants, analyzes these numbers using statistics, and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner.

4. No. 2 Qualitative Research A type of educational research in which the researcher relies on the views of participants, asks broad, general questions, collects data consisting largely of words from participants, describes and analyzes these words for themes, and conducts the inquiry in a subjective, biased manner.

5. No. 3The Development of Quantitative & Qualitative Research The 20th C began with one major approach to educational research – quantitative research – ended with 2 major approaches – quantitative & qualitative research. A Brief History of Quantitative Research • Began in the late 19th C • Dominated educational inquiry for most of the 20th C • 3 Historical Trends • Statistical procedures  relating ideas & comparing groups • Test & measurement practices  testing mental ability, scoring • Research designs  getting more complicated • Comparing the performances of 2 groups • More complicated designs involving multiple groups & multiple tests

6. A Brief History of Qualitative Research • An alternative to the traditional form of quantitative research • The ideas for qualitative research developed in the late 1800s & early 1900s in other fields besides education. • 3 themes: • Philosophical Ideas • Procedural Developments • Participatory & advocacy practices

7. No. 4Characteristics of Quantitative Research • An emphasis on collecting and analyzing information in the form of numbers. • An emphasis on collecting scores that measure distinct attributes of individuals and organizations. • An emphasis on the procedures of comparing groups or relating factors about individuals or groups in experiments, correlational studies, and surveys.

8. No. 5Characteristics of Qualitative Research • A recognition that as researchers we need to listen to the views of participants in our studies • A recognition that we need to ask general, open questions and collect data in places where people live and work • A recognition that research has a role in advocating for change and bettering the lives of individuals

10. No. 6Similarities between Quantitative and Qualitative Research • Both forms of research follow the six steps in the process of research • Research problem – both quantitative and qualitative research can be similar in the topics addresses, such as conveying a problem, pointing out the lack of literature on this problem, and justifying a need to study the problem. This does not mean that the type of problem is the same, only the format for reporting the problem • In both quantitative and qualitative research, you collect data using interviews, observations, and documents

11. No. 7Research Designs • Experimental Designs • Correlational Designs • Survey Designs • Grounded Theory Designs • Ethnographic Designs • Narrative Research Designs • Mixed Methods Designs • Action Research Designs

12. No. 83 Factors to Decide whether to Use Quantitative / Qualitative • Match Your Approach to Your Research Problem • Fit the Approach to Your Audience • Relate the Approach to Your Experiences

13. Question?

14. Games