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World War I Notes

The U.S. in War and Life on the Homefront. World War I Notes. A.E.F. = American Expeditionary Force. Commander = Gen. John J. Pershing Thought trench warfare was too defensive Wanted to keep AEF an independent fighting force. “Doughboys”. Nickname for American infantry

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World War I Notes

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  1. The U.S. in War and Life on the Homefront World War I Notes

  2. A.E.F. = American Expeditionary Force • Commander = Gen. John J. Pershing • Thought trench warfare was too defensive • Wanted to keep AEF an independent fighting force

  3. “Doughboys” • Nickname for American infantry due to the white belts of uniform which they cleaned with pipe clay or “dough” • U.S. lost 48,000 men in battle • 62,000 more died from disease • More than 200,000 more were wounded

  4. Alvin York • Red-head mountaineer from TN – born again Christian, wanted to be a ‘conscientious objector’ but denied. • Decided it was morally ok to fight if cause was just, with six others killed 25 Germans and took 132 prisoner • Pershing says York is “most outstanding of AEF”

  5. Eddie Rickenbacker • From Ohio, became outstanding U.S. fighter pilot • Shot down a total of 26 enemy planes • Won a dogfight with the team of the “Red Baron”

  6. Organizations on the Homefront • WIB – War Industries Board (Bernard Baruch) • Helped companies increase efficiency while reducing waste (side effect – women’s fashion?) Food Administration (Herbert Hoover) - helped produce and conserve food - “meatless” days and “sweetless” days - “victory gardens” planted by homeowners

  7. “It is not an army we must shape and train for war, it is a nation” W. Wilson • CPI – Committee on Public Information (George Creel) – publicize and propagandize the war • War Bonds – helped to finance the war (used movie stars to sell bonds)

  8. African-Americans and the War • Divided opinion: some say support the war, others said that “victims of racism should not support a racist government” • The Great Migration = massive movement of hundreds of thousands of southern blacks to American cities in the north • Due to racism/discrimination in the south and job opportunities for war production in the north (factories)

  9. Women on the Homefront • Women enter workforce in jobs left by men gone to war • Railroad workers, bricklayers, dockworkers, etc. • The majority made less money than the men who did the same jobs • Many women also volunteered for the war effort

  10. Flu Epidemic on the Homefront • 1918, flu epidemic hits U.S. • ½ of U.S. population got sick • Companies had to shut down, cities ran short on coffins, corpses lay unburied for a week • Doctors didn’t really know what to do to stop it • 500,000 Americans dies before it ended in 1919; 40 MILLION people died worldwide

  11. End of War • Germans begin to collapse near end of 1918 • Agree to cease fire at the “11th hour of the 11th day in the 11th month of 1918” • War totals: • 4 years long • 30 nations involved • 26 million total deaths (1/2 of those civilian) • Total cost of around $350 billion • P. 568 Eddie Rickenbacker quote

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