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Dr. Oscar Coto II National CDM Workshop Belize August 2011

Estimation of Emissions Reductions in CDM Projects. Dr. Oscar Coto II National CDM Workshop Belize August 2011. Topics. CDM Methodologies CDM Tools and guidances Sources of information Baseline , project and leakage emissions Expected project emissions reductions.

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Dr. Oscar Coto II National CDM Workshop Belize August 2011

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  1. Estimation of Emissions Reductions in CDM Projects Dr. Oscar Coto II National CDM Workshop Belize August 2011

  2. Topics • CDM Methodologies • CDM Tools and guidances • Sources of information • Baseline, project and leakage emissions • Expected project emissions reductions

  3. Estimation of emissions reductions in the CDM • Baseline emissions • Project emissions • Emissions due to leakage Emissions reductions = a – (b + c)

  4. Inputs • CDM applicable methodology • Project boundaries • Sources and types of GHG • Tools and guidances of the CDM • IPCC estimative procedures • Specific informations • Etc.

  5. Methodologies are vital in the CDM • Compliance with CDM modalities and procedures • Any CDM project must be eligible and should apply an approved baseline and monitoring methodology • Approval can be requested for a new methodology but specific procedures apply • Matching project activity and methodology is important

  6. ¿Why methodologies? • A matter of regulatory principles • Important for replicability and conformance with the UNFCCC and KP principles • Standarization and guidance

  7. Types of CDM methodologies • Largescale • Consolidaded methodologies • Small scale methodologies

  8. Status of methodologies • Large scale: 77 • Consolidated + 18 • Large scale A/R: 11 • Consolidated A/R: 2 • Small scale: 71 in 3 groups (energy generation, energy efficiency, other types) • Small scale A/R: 7 • Constant evolution on applicable versions

  9. Taxonomy of a methodology • I. Sources and applicability: approach, definitions, aplicability • II. Baseline methodology: boundaries, estimative procedures, definition of baseline, emissions by source, etc. • III. Monitoring methodology: data and parameters, descriptions, QC/QA procedures, plans, etc. • IV. References and other information

  10. Small scale methodology (SSC) • Technology/ measures applicable • Frontiers • Baseline • Project emissions • Leakage • Emissions reductions • Monitoring • Considerations if the project is a part of a programe of activities

  11. Project boundaries • Control principle • Project contextualization, identification of relevant sources and types of GHGs

  12. Project in the african palm industry

  13. Capture and destruction of methane in waste water in the palm oil industry

  14. Sugar cogeneration project • Site of generation in the mill • Biomass transport to site • Interconnected generation (in case of exports of electricity to a • Any site if there was natural decay or decomposition of biomass in the baseline

  15. CDM Tools • Acompanny the methodologies and detail specific procedures and approaches for estimations of emissions • 11 tools for large scale projects • 11 tools, 4guidances for small scale projects • 14 tools for large scale and SSC A/R projects

  16. Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality Version 5.2 EB 39 annex 10 • Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality Version 2.2 EB 28 annex 14 T • Tool to calculate project or leakage CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion Version 2 EB 41 annex 11 • Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site Version 5 EB 55 annex 18 • Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption Version 1 EB 39 annex 7 • Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane Version 1 EB 28 annex 13 • Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system Version 2 EB 50 annex 14 • Tool to determine the mass flow of a greenhouse gas in a gaseous stream Version 1 EB 47 annex 10 • Tool to determine the baseline efficiency of thermal or electric energy generation systems Version 1 EB 48 annex 12 • Tool to determine the remaining lifetime of equipment Version 1 EB 50 annex 15

  17. Emissions are related to … • Types and sources of GHG and the associated significance to the specific conditions • Delimitation of the project boundaries • Relevant informations on the specific conditions that may apply to the process or project under consideration

  18. Emissions sources could be … • Emissions due to the generation of electricity in a power grid • Emissions due to the decomposition of solid residues in a landfill • Emissions due to the burning at open sky of biomass residues • Etc.

  19. Information could come from different sources • “Default” factors • Specific project factors • Results from simulations, expert opinions, etc • Representative factors from similar technologies applicable to the specific project conditions In case of doubt … transparency and conservadurism EB tends to specify conditions for information traceability in the documentation required

  20. IPCC 2006 Guidelines are important sources of information V1: General Guidance and Reporting V2: Energy V3: Industrial Processes and Product Use V4: Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use V5: Waste Available at www.ipcc.ch

  21. Fuel Information • IPCC default values • Country specific • In case country specific information is available, it is preferable to use it for the purpose of PDD estimations

  22. Emissions associated to combustion of fossil fuels

  23. Emissions associated to electricity consumption • Product of the electricity consumed or saved multlied by an emission factor related to the source of electricity in the baseline

  24. Emission factor for an electricity grid • Remote systems • Interconnected systems • Represented by ton CO2 / MWh generated • Tools are available for its calculation

  25. Information required for grid emission factors General description of the sector Types of installed capacity Fuel consumptions by generation sources Relevant context informations Dispatch data Etc.

  26. Emission factor for grids in the region

  27. What about Belize?

  28. Estimating Emissions Reductions involves the consideration of … • Baseline emissions • Project activity emissions • Emissions due to leakage

  29. Emissions Base Line Scenario Project Scenario Time Emissions in the baseline and project scenarios

  30. Baseline scenario Leakage due to the project Project scenario Leakage Emissions that occur outside the project boundaries for which the project is responsible Project

  31. Remembering the PDD

  32. At the PDD level • Baseline information has to be included in Annex 3 • Project related emissions information has to be included in a section of the PDD

  33. The net emissions reductions due to the CDM project activity are equal to Baseline emissions – Project activity emissions – Emissions due to leakage

  34. Now you know how to do it ! Select methodology • Draw and understand the project boundaries • Define sources and types of GHG to consider • Construct a tableof emissions and equations/procedures • Construct your variable definitions and values • Estimate the relevant emissions due to baseline, project and leakage

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