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The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato

The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato. Timmers, Ashley, Desain, Heijink. What is Tempo Rubato?. Performance = Composition + Expression + Instrument Tempo Rubato : “Stolen time” is the variations in the timing of onsets of notes.

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The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato

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  1. The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato Timmers, Ashley, Desain, Heijink

  2. What is Tempo Rubato? • Performance = Composition + Expression + Instrument • Tempo Rubato : “Stolen time” is the variations in the timing of onsets of notes. • Tempo changes occur in relation to phrase structure. • “ notes inegales”

  3. Tempo Rubato • Relation between musical structure and tempo changes :- Modulations clarifying metrical structure, harmonic structure and phrase final lengthening. • Tempo Rubato reflects hierarchic depth of a syntactic unit by the amount of slowing at the boundary. • Sundberg’s model of harmonic distance to the tonic.

  4. Melody : Variations on an original Theme (Op 21, No 1) – Brahms. • Melody performed by 3 pianists in different settings: • Melody without bar-lines. • Melody with bar-lines. • Counter-melody. • Melody with the Counter-melody. • Melody with block chords. • Theme.

  5. Melody : Variations on an original Theme (Op 21, No 1) – Brahms

  6. Mean tempo(BPM) per performer per condition

  7. Analysis & Observations • Performance-Score matching. • Measure variations in IOI as an indication of Tempo Rubato. • Correlation between IOI s of repeated performance > correlation between IOI s of melody in the 6 conditions. • Change in timing distribution in the melody with change in context.

  8. Grand Average Timing Profile

  9. Similarity between Performers

  10. Timing profiles of Conditions 2 and 6 performed by Subjects 2&3

  11. Diversity of Musical Structure

  12. Other Factors Affecting tempo Rubato • Level of difficulty of performing the musical piece . ( theme vs melody alone) • Area of difficult chords. • Tempo selected by performer. • Complexity of musical composition.

  13. Shortcomings &Future Work • Influence of each performer is large; affects correlation. • Analysis of musical factors influencing diversity and extent of tempo rubato need to be tested. • Study the constraints on expressive performance.

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