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5. The 3rd Amdmt says that there shall be no quartering of _________ in homes during peace.

5. The 3rd Amdmt says that there shall be no quartering of _________ in homes during peace. 6. The 6th Amdmt says that if you are accused of a crime, you have a right to a Trial ____ _________. 7. Which Amendment says that there shall be “No cruel and unusual punishment”? ____

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5. The 3rd Amdmt says that there shall be no quartering of _________ in homes during peace.

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  1. 5. The 3rd Amdmt says that there shall be no quartering of _________ in homes during peace. 6. The 6th Amdmt says that if you are accused of a crime, you have a right to a Trial ____ _________. 7. Which Amendment says that there shall be “No cruel and unusual punishment”? ____ 8. The 10th Amendment says that rights not given to the Federal Government belong to the ___________ and the _____________. AMENDMENTS 11-27 9. The 13th Amendment Freed the ____________. 10. The 14th Amendment gave _________________ to Freedmen (former slaves). 11. The 15th Amendment gave Freedmen the Right to __________. 12. The 16th Amendment made the ____________ ______ constitutional. 13. The 18th Amendment made _____________ illegal. 14. Which Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment? ____ 15. The 22nd Amendment limits the President to _____ terms. 16. Which gave Women the Right to Vote? ____ 17. Which Amendment said that there would be No Poll Tax (Tax on Voting)? ____ 18. The 26th Amendment gave 18 year olds the Right to __________. THE BILL OF RIGHTS 1. Which says that you cannot be forced to testify against yourself? _________ 2. The ____ Amendment guarantees Freedom of Religion, Speech, the Press, the Right of Assembly, and the Right to Petition the Government. 3. The 2nd Amendment guarantees the Right to ________ _______. 4. The ____ Amendment protects us from illegal search and seizure.

  2. Creating the U.S. Constitution

  3. Constitution & Bill of Rights TimelineApproximate Date & Event 1781 • Articles of Confederation ratified 1783  • Treaty of Paris officially ended Revolutionary War 1783 • Land Ordinance of 1784, (followed 1785 and 1787) provided for the orderly settlement of territories, civil rights, and statehood process. 1787  • Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts; • Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1788  • Constitution ratified by eleventh state 1789  • First national elections; George Washington elected President 1791  • Bill of Rights adopted

  4. REVIEW: What effect did Shays’ Rebellion have on the Constitution?

  5. REVIEW: What main issues divided the Constitutional Convention? ISSUEARGUMENTS 1. Articles of - Revise or replace? Confederation 2. Representation - By population? Equal by state? 3. Type of Gov’t - Democracy? Republic? 4. Division of power - Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist 5. Slavery - Legal? Prohibited? Census?

  6. REVIEW: Virginia Plan v. New Jersey Plan WINNER!

  7. What was the Great (Connecticut) Compromise? Without compromise, you have conflict! • Roger Sherman, CT • Blend of NJ and VA plans • Bi-cameral (2 chamber) legislature • Chief executive (president) will be chosen by an electoral college instead of direct election • Made possible a strong central govt • Checks and balances

  8. Why didn’t the Articles of Confederation include an executive or a judicial branch? Feared strong central government / monarchy - Solution: One branch (legislative) with limited powers - Sovereign states connected by a “rope of sand” What was gained by changing to a 3-branch system of government? More power to enforce laws! Also CHECKS & BALANCES! Each branch has powers assigned which limit, or check the powers of another, creating a system of balance where none can become too powerful

  9. Introduction to Checks and Balancesin Federal GovernmentThe concept of checking and balancing power

  10. JUDICIAL BRANCH The Supreme Court Building LEGISLATIVE BRANCH The Capitol Building EXECUTIVE BRANCH The White house

  11. Executive Branch Checks the Legislative Branch • President can veto laws passed by the Congress • President proposes laws to Congress • President submits the Federal Budget to the House of Reps. for approval • President appoints federal officials, who carry out and enforce laws

  12. Executive Branch Checks the Judicial Branch • Nominates judges to the Supreme Court • Nominates judges to the federal court system • President has the power to pardon individuals convicted of crimes • President can grant amnesty, forgiving a class of crime

  13. Legislative Branch Checks on the Executive Branch • Congress can overturn a Presidential veto with a 2/3 vote of both houses • Senate can reject proposed treaties (2/3 vote to approve) • Senate can reject presidential nominations of federal officials or judges • Congress can impeach and remove the President (House serves as prosecution, Senate serves as jury)

  14. Legislative Branch Checks on the Judicial Branch • Congress can create lower courts • Senate can reject nominees to the federal courts/Supreme Court • Congress can amend the Constitution to overturn decisions of the Supreme Court • Congress can impeach judges and remove from the bench

  15. Judicial Branch Checks on the Executive Branch • Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule laws unconstitutional • Coming Soon!!! Marbury v. Madison

  16. Judicial Branch Checks on the Legislative Branch • Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule presidential actions unconstitutional • Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule treaties unconstitutional

  17. So what’s the point!?!? • Why take all the trouble to create a complex system of “checks and balances”?

  18. Did the Articles of Confederation have any success at all? • Yes! • Northwest Ordinance • An effective system for est. statehood from new territories What caused the delegates to question their new government and even their new independence? • Disagreements over government • Anti-federalists v. Federalists • Rebellions like Shays’ • Anarchy without a king! • Failures of the Articles of Confederation • Not enough federal powers over the people! ?

  19. REVIEW: What was the Constitutional Convention? • Meeting in Philadelphia, Independence Hall to address problems with the A. of C. • Took <4 months to write • document in effect now for >200 yrs What does “E Pluribus Unum” mean? • Latin for “Out of Many, One” • Purpose of a federal system of government • like the one described in the Constitution! Many 1

  20. The Seal of the United States

  21. Why was James Madison the “Father of the Constitution”? • James Madison • Quiet, educated VA man • History, government, philosophy, etc. • First to the convention • 3 months early carrying “blueprint” • Est. gov’t to promote the good and restrict the bad in people What Purpose is stated in the preamble? • Form a union to establish justice, peace, and protection • Promote the liberty and welfare of its citizens

  22. Agreements to be made… • The Great Compromise • How will the power be divided!? • The Three-Fifths Compromise • How will we determine representation!?

  23. The United States Constitution September 17, 1787 – The convention approved the final draft Goals set in the preamble: We the people of the United States of America, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

  24. The story of American FEDERALISM REVIEW: After the failure of the Articles of Confederation delegates met at the Constitutional Convention to revise the articles. Instead they rewrote the entire government. Needed to strengthen the national government. • This was not without debate. Most recognized the need to strengthen the national government, but the question was how and how much? • Many feared that a strong central government would abuse it's powers as the King in England did. • Others felt the government needed to be strong in order to run the nation efficiently. In the end they developed a balanced system called Federalism.

  25. The Delegates Create a Federal Government Federalism 1. A system of government that creates a central government and local state governments 2. The powers of the national and state governments are divided and balanced

  26. How did the Federalist and Anti-Federalists differ in their opinions? Federalists - James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay - Favored ratification of constitution - Wanted strong but balanced federal govt. - Printed a series of articles in New York supporting ratification of the new Constitution that became known as the Federalist papers. Anti-federalists - Patrick Henry and Sam Adams, Thomas Jefferson - Feared strong central govt. - Supported states rights - Proof was lack of Bill of Rights Federalists won but had to promise a Bill of Rights would be their first order of business.

  27. How the Powers are Divided

  28. 8. Representation in the House of Representatives is based on the ___________ of the state. 9. The head of the House of Representatives is the ___________________. 10. Senators must be at least ____ years old, ____ years a U.S. Citizen, and live in the _________ from which they are elected. 11. Senators serve a ____ year term. 12. The Senate has ________ representation. (____Senators from each State.) 13. The head of the Senate is the _____________. 14. The Executive Branch ____________ laws. 15. Presidents must be > ____ years old, a ________ U.S. Citizen, and have lived in the U.S. ____ years. 16. The President serves a ____ year term, and after the 22nd Amendment, he can serve no more than ____ terms. 17. The Judicial Branch ____________ laws. 18. Judges serve for __________ (how long?). 19. Powers given to the Federal Government are called ____________ powers. 20. Powers kept for the States are called ___________ powers. 21. Powers that are shared by both the Federal & State Governments are called _______________ powers. 22. Amendments are proposed by _____________ and approved by ______________. 23. Article VI of the Constitution says the Constitution is the ______________________ (Higher than any law or person). 24. The Constitution was adopted when ____ of the 13 states approved it. 24. There have been ____ Amendments to the Constitution and the first ten amendments are called the ___________________. THE U.S. CONSTITUTION 1. The Constitution was written in ________ (year). 2. There were ____ (number) delegates at the Constitutional Convention. 3. The Constitution was written in ___________ (city). 4. The _________ lists the GOALS of the Constitution. 5. The ______________ branch MAKES Laws. 6. Representatives must be at least ____ years old, ____ years a U.S. Citizen, and Live in the ____________ from which they are elected. 7. Representatives serve a ____ year term.

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