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Unit 1 Intro to Chemistry and Measurement

Unit 1 Intro to Chemistry and Measurement. Intro to Chemistry and Physics Mr. Patel SWHS. Topic Outline. Learn Major Elements and Symbols Intro to Chemistry (1.1, 1.2) Significant Figures (3.1) Measurement (3.1, 3.2) Factor-Label Method of Conversions (3.3). Intro to Chemistry .

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Unit 1 Intro to Chemistry and Measurement

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  1. Unit 1Intro to Chemistry and Measurement Intro to Chemistry and Physics Mr. Patel SWHS

  2. Topic Outline • Learn Major Elements and Symbols • Intro to Chemistry (1.1, 1.2) • Significant Figures (3.1) • Measurement (3.1, 3.2) • Factor-Label Method of Conversions (3.3)

  3. Intro to Chemistry • Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space • Chemistry – study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes

  4. Intro to Chemistry • Chemistry affects all aspects of life and other natural events! • Food Digestion • Leaves changing colors • Muscle contraction • Driving cars

  5. Intro to Chemistry • Five different areas or branches of chemistry

  6. Organic Chemistry • Study of all chemicals containing carbon

  7. Inorganic Chemistry • Study of chemicals that do not contain carbon

  8. Biochemistry • Study of processes that occur in living things

  9. Analytical Chemistry • Study that focuses on the composition of matter

  10. Physical Chemistry • Area that deals with the rate, mechanism, and energy transfer of chemistry

  11. Types of Research • Pure Chemistry – increase chemical knowledge • Applied Chemistry – goal oriented

  12. History of Chemistry • Alchemy - change other metals to gold • Lavoisier – Father of Modern Chemistry • Observation to measurement

  13. Scientific Method

  14. Significant Figures • Sometimes we estimate numbers • If we measure between 9.8 and 9.9, we may say it is 9.85. • We know that the 9 and 8 are definite; 5 is estimated. • Discuss accuracy/precision later • Significant Figures – the digits from a measurement that are known precisely plus an estimated digit

  15. Measurement • Measurement – quantity with a number and unit • Accuracy – how close you are to the true value • Precision – how close your measurements are to one another

  16. Scientific Notation • Used for very large or very small numbers • Converts a single number to a product of two numbers • Ex: 8000  8 x 103 • Ex: 0.234  2.34 x 10-1

  17. Scientific Notation Practice • 252 • 125000 • 0.00305 • 0.00000000548 • 2.52 x 102 • 1.25 x 105 • 3.05 x 10-3 • 5.48 x 10-9

  18. International System of Units (SI) • Five SI base units: • meter (length) • kilogram (mass) • Kelvin (temperature) • Second (time) • Mole (amount)

  19. Metric Conversions

  20. Factor-Label Method • Write down starting and ending unit • Write all relevant conversion factors • Cancel units to get to end unit • To cancel a unit, the unit must be on the top and bottom

  21. Conversion Examples

  22. Presenting Data • Data – numbers obtained or observations made during the experiment • Organize data so that it is easier to read • Organize data with graphs and tables

  23. Data Tables • Simplest way to organize data • Purpose: to show pure data. • Table has a Title, category titles, and units.

  24. Bar Graph • Purpose: compare a set of measurements

  25. Circle Graph • Purpose: to show parts out of a whole • Circle Graph has a title, axis labels, and bars that show data

  26. Line Graphs • These lines are very important: slope • slope = Rise/Run • Proportional graphs • Inverse graphs • Always has Title, Axis Labels with units, any relationships.

  27. Variables • Independent Variable – what is being changed by the researcher • Always along the x-axis of a graph (horizontal) • Time is usually always independent variable • This will cause something to happen

  28. Variables • Dependent Variable – the factor that is changing because of what the researcher changed • Always along the y-axis on a graph (vertical) • This is the response to the independent variable

  29. Correlation • Line Graphs can show a positive or negative correlation. • This is correlation NOT causation • We can not say one thing causes another • One thing may lead to another

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