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Future Comforts: Policy Studies Institute

Future Comforts: Policy Studies Institute. Do you want to control the Temperature?. Max Fordham. We can provide control of temperature People have preferences Control of temperature uses fossil fuel! But... People are adaptable How much control do we need?.

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Future Comforts: Policy Studies Institute

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  1. Future Comforts: Policy Studies Institute Do you want to control the Temperature? Max Fordham

  2. We can provide control of temperature • People have preferences • Control of temperature uses fossil fuel! But... People are adaptable How much control do we need?

  3. Heat Exchange of the Bodywith the Environment 1 kW/m2 Short Wave Radiation from the Sun RESPIRATION RADIATION Wet Air Dry Air 35ºC 25ºC EVAPORATION CONVECTION

  4. Comfort Research Summary Bedford Air temperature & Radiation UK, Early 20th century Webb Equatorial Comfort Index: Wet bulb temperature= Enthalpy ASHRAE Air temperature, Humidity, Air speed. (Statistics), US, Mid 20th century Belding & Hatch All Parameters, Simple PhysicsUS, Mid 20th century Ole Fanger All Parameters ISO 7730. Recent. Dusan Fiala Develop Fanger add involuntary reactions. Recent. ASHRAE Consider Voluntary Reactions.

  5. Comfort Conditions by Fanger Hot comfort boundary Cold comfort boundary

  6. 129 Air leaving Body(35°C, 100% r.H.) PsychrometricChart Evaporation Specific Enthalpy [kJ/kg] 83 Singapore(28°C, 90% r.H.) 21.5 Convection 61 Moisture Content [g Water/kg Air] Saudi Arabia(46°C, 20% r.H.) 51 13.5 Average UK Winter(10°C, 20% r.H.) 10 Room Condition(25°C, 50% r.H.) 14 Room UK Winter(20°C, 10% r.H.) 1.5 Dry Bulb Temperature [°C] 40 20 10 30

  7. Anecdotes • Otterbourne 30C not enough to open sash windows • 43 Gloucester Crescent Is it really 30 C? • Hong Kong Teaching 27C 56% RH radiant temp =air temp Light clothes: no adjustment wanted 20 building professionals QED

  8. References [1] Fordham S M. Building Physics - Reducing air conditoining needs in extreme climates. CIBSE Conference 1978. [2] Climate change and it’s impact. Meteorological Office, 1998. [3] Health & Safety Executive. EH 40/97 Occupational Exposure Limits 1997, Table 2 Page 22. (ISBN 0-7176-1315-1). [4] Total Carbon Cycle (tba). [5] Nuclear Energy - the future climate. The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering, 1999 (ISBN 0-85403-5262). [6] Fanger P O. Olf and decipol: New units for preceived air quality. Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, 1984. [7] Fiala D. Dynamische Simulation des menschlichen Wärmehaushalts und der thermischen Behaglichkeit. De Montfort University, 1998. [8] Field Studies of Thermal Comfort and Adaption. ASHRAE Technical Data Bulletin, Volume 14, Number 1. January 1998.

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