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Turkey’s Greatest Untapped Potential: Women

Turkey’s Greatest Untapped Potential: Women. World Bank. Setting. Request from Government following intense employment policy engagement over years Sensitive! (culture) First ever! (joint preparation and publication) Central in country program – lot of support. MAIN FINDINGS.

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Turkey’s Greatest Untapped Potential: Women

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  1. Turkey’s Greatest Untapped Potential: Women World Bank

  2. Setting • Request from Government following intense employment policy engagement over years • Sensitive! (culture) • First ever! (joint preparation and publication) • Central in country program – lot of support

  3. MAIN FINDINGS • Women with low levels of education, especially in urban areas: • Have access to jobs that offer low wages and harsh • working conditions. • The cost of hiring someone else to help working women • with childcare and domestic work is too high.

  4. A salient feature of the labor market in Turkey is the low share of women holding or looking for jobs Figure 1- Female Labor Force Participation Rates in Selected Countries

  5. More and better jobs for women will mean higher income and better lives not only for them, but also for their families and society as a whole: HIGHER FEMALE EMPLOYMENT

  6. By achieving the female participation target that the GoT has set in its 9th Development Plan (29%), poverty could decrease significantly! Figure 2- Income-Poverty Relationship

  7. The Turkish Puzzle The share of women holding or seeking employment in Turkey has been decreasing over the past two decades: Figure 3- Turkey’s Low and Declining FLFP Rate

  8. Why is Women’s Participation in the Labor Market decreasing? Figure 4- Female Labor Force Participation Rate, by Urban and Rural Areas

  9. URBANIZATION

  10. DECLINE IN AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN RURAL AREAS

  11. Why Do So Few Urban Women Join the Labor Force? Figure 5,6- Female Labor Force Participation Rates and Female WAP by Level of Education

  12. Why Do So Few Urban Women Join the Labor Force ?

  13. Women without university education mentioned they would need to pay at least 500 TL per month to hire somebody to take care of their children. To afford this, they would need to find a job that would pay them more than 1,500 TL, which was beyond what they could earn given their skills and education level.

  14. Why Do So Few Urban Women Join the Labor Force? Women with low levels of education are likely to work long hours in the informal economy where wages are low • Economic Constraints Figure 7,8- Informality and Net Wages for Unskilled Women Informality by Education Level (women) Net Wages for women with no University Education

  15. They also face harsh employment conditions • Economic Constraints Figure 9- Employment Opportunities for Low Skilled Women About 85% of all women in the labor market work full time. 3 out of every 10 work 60 hours or more per week Average Hours of Work Source: Qualitative Survey Source: 2006 LFS

  16. How Can Turkey Provide Opportunities for More and Better Jobs for Women?

  17. I want to work… “to provide a better future for my kids. To send them to extra courses for the examinations and help with their school, to gain my economic independence, in order to help my family and my husband. I want my kids have education as higher as possible. So, I would like to use the money I earn for their school needs…” Young Married Woman from Istanbul February 2009

  18. Using the messages • Press and outreach • Human Development dialogue; country dialogue • Development Policy Lending

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