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Vietnam: The French Rule, Rebellion, and the Domino Theory

Learn about Vietnam's history under French rule, the Vietnamese rebellion led by Ho Chi Minh, and the influence of the Domino Theory during the Cold War. Understand the significance of the Geneva Accords and the rise of the Vietcong in South Vietnam.

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Vietnam: The French Rule, Rebellion, and the Domino Theory

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  1. Vietnam Lesson 50.1

  2. Vietnam is a long, thin country on a peninsula in southeast Asia.

  3. Ho Chi Minh was the leader of North Vietnam • From the late 1800s until WWII, France ruled Vietnam. • The French treated the Vietnamese badly. As a result, the Vietnamese often rebelled. The Communist Party in Vietnam organized many of the rebellions. The group’s communist leader was Ho Chi Minh.

  4. Vietminh was the Communist group led by Ho Chi Minh • In 1941, Japan conquered Vietnam during WWII. • In 1941 the Vietnamese Communists combined with other groups to form an organization called the Vietminh. • The Vietminh’s goal was to achieve independence for Vietnam. (They wanted to permanently get rid of French and Japanese dominance!)

  5. In 1945, Japan was defeated in WWII. As a result, the Japanese left Vietnam. • The Vietminh claimed independence for Vietnam. • However, France wanted to retake control of Vietnam. • French troops moved back into the country in 1946. • They conquered the southern half of Vietnam. • The Vietminh took control of the North. • For the next 8 years the two sides fought for control of the entire country.

  6. The United States supported France during the war. • America considered the Vietminh to be Communist. • The U.S., like other western nations, was determined to stop the spread of communism. • President Eisenhower explained his country’s policy with what became known as the domino theory. • Eisenhower compared many of the world’s smaller nations to dominoes. If one nation fell to communism, the rest also would fall.

  7. Why did the U.S. support France in their war against North Vietnam? Explain Eisenhower’s Domino Theory. • The Vietminh defeated the French. • The final blow came in 1954. That year, the Vietminh conquered the large French outpost at Dien Bien Phu. • Several countries met with the French and the Vietminh to negotiate a peace agreement. The agreement was known as the Geneva Accords. It temporarily split Vietnam in half. • The Vietminh controlled North Vietnam. The anti-Communist nationalists controlled South Vietnam. • The peace agreement called for an election to unify the country in 1956.

  8. What were the conditions of the Geneva Accords? • Ho Chi Minh ruled Communist North Vietnam. • Ngo Dinh Diem led South Vietnam. • When it came time for the all-country elections, that were part of the Geneva Accord, Diem refused to take part in the election. Diem feared that Ho Chi Minh would win and that all of Vietnam would become Communist. • The United States supported Diem’s decision.

  9. The U.S. gov provided aid to Diem. America hoped that Diem could turn South Vietnam into a strong independent nation. Diem, however, turned out to be a terrible ruler. His administration was corrupt. He also refused to allow opposing views. corrupt - showing a willingness to act dishonestly in return for money or personal gain

  10. Vietcong • By 1957, a rebel group had formed in the South. The group was known as the Vietcong. It fought against Diem’s rule. • The Communist leader Ho Chi Minh in North Vietnam supported the Vietcong in the South against Diem’s rule.

  11. Ho Chi Minh supplied arms to the Vietcong along a network of paths that ran between North and South Vietnam. • Together, these paths became known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

  12. John Kennedy became president after Eisenhower. Kennedy continued America’s policy of supporting South Vietnam. Like President Eisenhower, Kennedy wanted to STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM! Kennedy was committed to keeping communism from spreading to South Vietnam.

  13. Why do you think peasants in South Vietnam would be likely to support the Vietcong? • Meanwhile, Diem’s government in South Vietnam grew more unstable. The Vietcong rebels were gaining greater power among the peasants. • The Kennedy administration decided that Diem had to step down. • In 1963, military leaders overthrew Diem (which was supposedly backed by the CIA). • Against Kennedy’s wishes they executed Diem.

  14. Two months later Kennedy was assassinated. Lyndon Johnson became president. The growing crisis in Vietnam was now his.

  15. Remember the Vietnam conflict is during the “Cold War”. What’s the goal of the Cold War?!?!?!?! • South Vietnam did not improve after Diem’s death. • A string of military leaders tried to rule the country. Each one failed to bring stability. • President Johnson, however, continued to support South Vietnam. The president was determined to not “lose” Vietnam to the Communists!

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