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9 -3 : World War I, 1914-1918

9 -3 : World War I, 1914-1918. Thematic Learning Objectives. NAT 1.0 Explain how ideas about democracy, freedom, and individualism found expression in the development of cultural values, political institutions, and American identity.

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9 -3 : World War I, 1914-1918

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  1. 9-3: World War I, 1914-1918

  2. Thematic Learning Objectives • NAT 1.0 Explain how ideas about democracy, freedom, and individualism found expression in the development of cultural values, political institutions, and American identity. • NAT 3.0 Analyze how ideas about national identity changed in response to U.S. involvement in international conflicts and the growth of the United States. • WOR 2.0 Analyze the reasons for and results of U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas.

  3. Key Concept Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

  4. Overview • Ongoing debates about U.S. role in the world • How to best achieve national security?

  5. Neutrality • Beginning of the War • Neutrality proclamation • Neutral rights • Submarine Warfare • British blockade of Germany • Sinking of the Lusitania and Sussex • Sussex Pledge and renewal of submarine warfare

  6. Neutrality • Zimmermann Note • Germany proposed alliance with Mexico • Links with Britain and France • Economic Ties • 370% increase in exports to Allies • 7,000% decrease in exports to Central Powers • Psychological and Ethnic Ties • Traditions, propaganda

  7. Declaration of War • Wilson’s War Message • German violations of freedom of the seas • German killings of Americans • German interference with Mexico • Making the world “safe for democracy” • Reshaping world through progressive principles

  8. Declaration of War • Preparedness • U.S. quite prepared • Build-up of Navy under T. Roosevelt • Army enlarged in 1915 due to war in Europe • Selective Service Act (draft)

  9. Mobilization • Financing the War • Congress empowered Wilson to direct U.S. economy • War Boards • War Industries Board • War Labor Board • Fuel Administration Board • Food Administration Board • Liberty bonds • Income taxes on the wealthy

  10. Mobilization • Public Opinion and Civil Liberties • Propaganda • Committee on Public Information • Aroused public support • Stifled opposition • Voluntary censorship of the press • War Bonds • Prohibition • Espionage and Sedition Acts • Schenck v. United States • “clear and present danger”

  11. Mobilization • Effects on American Society • More Jobs for Women • Migration • Great Migration of African Americans • Conflict following return of white troops • Increased Mexican immigration

  12. American Expeditionary Force • General John Pershing • Most fighting in France • Germany halted at 2nd Battle of the Marne • Final counteroffensive and German surrender

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