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Human Migration

Human Migration. The Early Days. Factors of Migration. Push Factors. Pull Factors. Hominids – our ancestors. 2 million years ago Tool maker Humans are “human” because we have Language Tools A home base Self-control 750,000 years ago fire tamed. Homo Erectus. Humans walk upright

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Human Migration

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  1. Human Migration The Early Days

  2. Factors of Migration Push Factors Pull Factors

  3. Hominids – our ancestors • 2 million years ago • Tool maker • Humans are “human” because we have • Language • Tools • A home base • Self-control • 750,000 years ago fire tamed

  4. Homo Erectus • Humans walk upright • Family unit becomes important • Humans dependent on each other • Population in Africa  Homo Sapiens

  5. The Old Stone Age • 100,000 years ago • Speech developed • Rituals for death • Migration • Why Leave? • Ice Age • Reduced vegetation

  6. 80,000 years ago • 80,000 years ago • Jewelry • Stone work • Burned vegetation • Seafood diet ScienceDaily (Aug. 27, 2009) — Shell beads newly unearthed from four sites in Morocco confirm early humans were consistently wearing and potentially trading symbolic jewelry as early as 80,000 years ago. These beads add significantly to similar finds dating back as far as 110,000 in Algeria, Morocco, Israel and South Africa, confirming these as the oldest form of personal ornaments. This crucial step towards modern culture is reported this week in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).

  7. Major Global Language Groups

  8. Theories of migration:Out of Africa • Humans evolved in Africa several thousand years • Spread throughout the rest of the world

  9. Theories of migration:Multi-regional development • A species of human ancestor spread throughout the globe • Modern humans evolved

  10. The Bantu Migration • 5,000 years ago • 300 Bantu languages today • Language development gives us clues about human migration

  11. Neolithic Revolution • Transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture • “Revolution”? • Causes • End of ice age • Retreat of big game • The greatest economic/technical revolution until 18th c.

  12. Major Starchy Staples (mostly developed over 10,000 years ago) Rye Barley Wheat Rice Maize Sorghum Yam Millet Rice Manioc Yam Banana Potato

  13. Hunting/gathering vs. agricultural Less work Fewer people Wild animals hunted More gender equality More social equality Less disease Greater variety in diet More work More people Domestication of animals Required more work of men Wealth accumulation Specialization of labor Scientific findings Development of tools Creation of cities

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