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陸 上 震 測 資 料 處 理 陳 建 文 台灣中油公司探採事業部國資處震測資料處理組 2011/11/04

陸 上 震 測 資 料 處 理 陳 建 文 台灣中油公司探採事業部國資處震測資料處理組 2011/11/04. 陸上震測資料處理. 1. 陸上震測資料特性. 2. 靜態修正 (statics correction). 3. 剩餘靜態修正 (residual statics correction). 4. 地滾波 (ground-roll) 消除. 1. 陸上震測資料特性.

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陸 上 震 測 資 料 處 理 陳 建 文 台灣中油公司探採事業部國資處震測資料處理組 2011/11/04

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  1. 陸 上 震 測 資 料 處 理陳 建 文台灣中油公司探採事業部國資處震測資料處理組2011/11/04

  2. 陸上震測資料處理 1.陸上震測資料特性 2.靜態修正(statics correction) 3.剩餘靜態修正(residual statics correction) 4.地滾波(ground-roll)消除

  3. 1.陸上震測資料特性 • Onshore seismic acquisition requires an energy input from a “thumper” truck. Geophones arrayed in a line behind the truck record the returning seismic signal. Vibrator (source) Geophones (receivers)

  4. (Dobrin 1988)

  5. Seismic acquisition offshore

  6. Reflection Seimology

  7. (Dobrin 1988)

  8. V=940 m/sec f=11Hz λ=85m V=470 m/sec f=10Hz λ=47m

  9. 2.靜態修正(statics correction)：修正因地表地形起伏與近地表低速層分布不 均勻所產生之時間偏移(Time shift)量；使 炸點與接受器位於同一基準面(Datum)上。

  10. Uphole time • Tuh : Uphole time • TD = －(Ts+Tr) (Total static correctoin ) • Ts= (Es-Ed-Ds) / Vb (Shot statics) • Tr = (Er-Ed-Dr)/Vb + Tuh (Reciever statics) (Yilmaz 1987)

  11. 折射靜態修正 (Refraction statics) (Yilmaz 1987)

  12. (Yilmaz 1987)

  13. (Yilmaz 1987)

  14. Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM)(Plus-minus method) (Yilmaz 1987)

  15. (Plus-minus method) (Plus term) t+= tABCD + tDEFG – tABFG = 2 * tDelay =2*ZD*cos(ic )/ VW ZD = (t+*VW ) / cos(ic ) * 1 /2 (Minus term)d t_/ d x = 1 / V b

  16. 初達波摘取圖

  17. 初達波摘取圖

  18. Floating Datum

  19. 3.剩 餘 靜 態 修 正(Residual statics) ：以自動計算方式修正因靜態修正誤差產生的 時間偏移量。 • Surface consistent residual statics： • 1.Travel time picking method • 2.Maximum stack power method • B.Non-surface consistent residual statics : • cdp statics (trim statics)

  20. (Yilmaz 1987)

  21. Corrections that solely depend on source or receiver locations at the surface , not on raypaths in the subsurface.

  22. Travel time picking method (Yilmaz 1987)

  23. (Yilmaz 1987)

  24. (Yilmaz 1987)

  25. Maximum stack power method

  26. CMP Gathers with field statics applied 1. Velocity analysis Apply Residual statics NMO-Correction Compute Residual statics 2. Velocity analysis NMO-Correction with new Velocities Stacking Residual statics

  27. (Yilmaz 1987)

  28. (Yilmaz 1987)

  29. (Yilmaz 1987)

  30. (Yilmaz 1987)

  31. 4.地滾波(Ground roll)消除方法： • Coherence noise • 野外震源及接受器排列設計 • 資料處理方法(f-k filter 等)

  32. 受波器群組(Digital Group Forming)應用描線間距37.5m 單受波器震測記錄受波器間距6.25m

  33. SHOT RECORD #41 (5M /chan)

  34. Signal velocity region V1 VL f2 noise velocity region 1.0 rejection due to pattern n * L L L  (n-1) / n * s V2 k 0 fL pattern rejection band k

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