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International conference – Women’s health and work March 4-6 2015, Brussels

International conference – Women’s health and work March 4-6 2015, Brussels. Physical Strength: Results and Differences in Age and Gender Patrick Serafin, André Klußmann, Christoph Mühlemeyer, Inna Levchuk, Karl-Heinz Lang, Hansjürgen Gebhardt

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International conference – Women’s health and work March 4-6 2015, Brussels

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  1. International conference – Women’s health and workMarch 4-6 2015, Brussels Physical Strength: Results and Differences in Age and Gender Patrick Serafin, André Klußmann, Christoph Mühlemeyer, Inna Levchuk, Karl-Heinz Lang, Hansjürgen Gebhardt Institute of occupational Health, Safety and Ergonomics e.V. – ASER, Wuppertal

  2. Background • Objective: support ergonomic product and workplace design • in manufacturing of work equipment, tools(e.g. tools such as pliers, screwdrivers, etc); • in manufacturing of products from the private sector (e.g. appliances such as can openers, etc) • in ergonomic job and task analysis • Challenge: demographic change • larger proportion of older people in the total population; • larger proportion of older workers at the workplaces.

  3. Background 100 males 80 60 average maximum force (%) females 40 20 Sample: Population? Employees? Number of participants? Which method for force estimation? How many Newtons are 100 %? Which force cases were estimated? … standard deviation, confidence interval … 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 age in years Trend behavior of the maximum static muscle strength in male and female persons in the course of life (according to Hollmann and Hettinger, 2000)

  4. Aims and Methods • Aims • Population sample on hand dimensions and different cases of maximum force • Methods • Standardized force measurements (in standing positions) • pulling • gripping • turning (screwdriver) • Determination of hand sizes • 3-D hand-scanner • templates, etc. • Standardized questionnaire - personal data • age, gender, body height / weight • sports, leisure time activities • occupational activities and physical exposures • musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders

  5. Methods: Standardized force measurements • Height-adjustable test stand to equalize individual variations of anthropometric dimensions

  6. Methods: Standardized force measurements • Measurement of pulling strength

  7. Methods: Standardized force measurements • Measurement of grip strength

  8. Methods: Standardized force measurements • Measurement of torque strength right hand left hand

  9. Body posture during force measurement

  10. Sample: n=1,207; including 428 females and 779 males

  11. Results: pulling strength

  12. Results: grip strength

  13. Results: torque strength

  14. Strength ratio of women and men 0.66 0.62 0.55

  15. Summary / Discussion • Ratio of maximum force between men and women F / M varies from 0.55 to 0.66 • The level of maximum force only slightly differs among participants in the age from 15 to 69 years • In the age groups between 20 and 59 years (nearly) no significant differences in the level of force can be seen • These results are not in accordance with most data from literature, like e.g. from Hollmann & Hettinger (2000). In this publication (among others), the 20 to 25 years old males were described as strongest, with permanent significantly decreasing force with increasing age.

  16. Limiations • Cross-sectional study • Individual force progress during life can not be deduced • Statements about (sub-)maximum forces with frequent execution can not be derived • Statements about dexterity and endurance can not be derived • possibly here: major differences in the age groups

  17. Outlook • Preliminary, descriptive analyzes show no significant differences between physically active and inactive people • Further analysis on this topic are required • Correlations between hand dimensions and force could give more useful information for ergonomic design of products. • Further analysis on this topic are required • Outlook: Multivariate analyzes including • Sports, leisure activities, MSDs • Relationships between the types of force. • Target: Implementation of data in planning programs of product developers.

  18. Thank you for your attention • Patrick SerafinInstitute ASER e.V.Corneliusstr. 31, 42329 WuppertalGermanyEmail: serafin@institut-aser.de

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