Facoltà di Economia

1. Facoltà di Economia Corso di Laurea Specialistica Economia Manageriale; Economia e Finanza Economia e Management Turismo-Ambiente Business English-English for Tourism LETTURA ED ELABORAZIONE SCRITTA DEL TESTO ECONOMICO (Modulo 1) Prof.ssa Luisanna Fodde

2. Written/Spoken Language • Face-to-face communication • Writer-reader communication • Speech production/Written production • Language control in speech and writing: Pronunciation, intonation, accent, non-verbal communication (SPEECH) • Style, grammar, structure, orthography (WRITING)

3. SOME TIPS/SUGGESTIONS • Presumption: Italian as Leading Language • Lexical Choice • Distractions • Text Structure

4. Presumption: Italian as Leading Language • ADJECTIVES (position, gender and number: “others people”; “many newspapers important”) • WORD ORDER (SVO: “Is necessary a cure”; “is important to be friends”) • FALSE FRIENDS (actually, eventually…) • INVENTIONS (“Comparated”, “bag of study”; “producted”) • USE OF TENSES (“is not ended”, “are arrived”) • ORTHOGRAPHY (months: january, february… years: in the 1984, nationality: german, italian; other: indipendence; )

5. Lexical Choice Confusing word classes, e.g. dead, died Acronyms, e.g. EU/ UE, ONU/UN Spelling, e.g. Bruxel, Whashinton Translation of toponyms L’Aia / The Hague Collocations This depends from/on me?? The reason of/for?? To do/make business; to do/make a deal?? Make/do money; make/do promise?? Take/make a decision?? To do/make mistakes?

6. DISTRACTIONS • CONCORDANCES • e.g. he cry, much persons, America and his partners • COHERENCE • active/passive; past/present; plural/singular • ORTHOGRAPHY e.g. wich, whit, whome • IRREGULAR / REGULAR VERBS • e.g. drived, gived, lead-leaded

7. Text Structure Purpose defines the type of texts: WHY? Readers define the type of texts: WHO? Context defines the type of texts: WHERE? Purpose, readers and context define the text style HOW?

8. Text Structure Purpose defines the type of texts: WHY? - WRITE AN EMAIL TO HAVE INFORMATION ABOUT A MASTERS PROGRAMME IN MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE Readers define the type of texts: WHO? - YOU – the writer - THE DIRECTOR OF STUDIES – the reader Context defines the type of texts: WHERE? - What is the means of communications? - What are your respective positions/roles/titles/culture? Purpose, readers and context define the text style - HOW are you going to write this email?

9. Text Structure Purpose defines the type of texts: WHY? - WRITE AN EMAIL TO HAVE INFORMATION ABOUT A WINE TRADE SHOW BEING ORGANIZED NEXT YEAR IN DUBAI Readers define the type of texts: WHO? - YOU – the writer - THE TRADE SHOW ORGANIZER – the reader Context defines the type of texts: WHERE? - What is the means of communications? - What are your respective positions/roles/titles/culture? Purpose, readers and context define the text style - HOW are you going to write this email?

10. WINE FAIR/MASTERS PROGRAM Main Errors CONCORDANCES: REGULAR/IRREGULAR verbs: ORTHOGRAPHY: CONFUSIONS: INVENTIONS: OTHER:

11. Other Errors - STRUCTURE: PUNCTUATION, CHANGING PARAGRAPH ACCORDING TO TOPIC FORM/STYLE As you requested, <I SEND/TELL/ GIVE you> I am sending/enclosing/attaching information on ………… Herein enclosed/attached you will/can find information/ a file/ a document on Please find enclosed/attached information on ….. I have enclosed/attached At the end of this message you will/can find …… As you requested, I am writing / I am pleased/ to give you some information….

12. A Note on Style “Buongiorno Prof.” “Buona prof.ssa”, “buongiorno proff.” “Salve, sono C.C., io dovrei partire con il progetto erasmus a T.” buongiorno professoressa sono F.,la studentessa Erasmus....volevo sapere se… “……Secondo Lei, c'è qualche problema per l'approvazione degli esami?Quando posso venire nel suo ufficio per avere dei chiarimenti?Attendo una sua risposta” “So che il suo orario di ricevimento è il lunedì e lei gradisce sia rispettato ma non potrebbe fare un'eccezione? Domani cioè venerdì mattina è possibile fissare un incontro?Aspetto una sua risposta”. “Egregia Professoressa Fodde,alla tastiera E. S.(matr. …. del corso di Economia _Manageriale):la studentessa vincitrice della Borsa Erasmus”

13. A Note on Style “in effetti, per i crediti, la differenza tra 4 e 8 e' tanta, ma mi informero' e le faro' sapere. comunque, per quanto riguarda l'esame studente…….., me lo potete convalidare anche se non c'e' l'esatto corrispondente a cagliari???”byehey holet's go”buongiorno, scusi se la disturbo, sono una ragazza che segue la falcoltà di economia e gestione dei servizi turistici, vorrei sapere se per lunedì la lezione sarà da mezzogiorno alle tre o dalle tre alle sei, la ringrazio, buongiorno “Prof.ssa ci fa sempre piacere ricevere le sue mail ma questa volta si va veramente oltre ogni + rosea aspettativa  ;-)  Finalmente notizie!!!!  Grazie a nome di tutti e tre!  A presto!  P.S.:La brochure ?!?”

14. A Note on Style SalveSono uno studente del corso di economia e gestione aziendale, volevo sapere  riguardo ai testi consigliati per coloro che hanno sostenuto un punteggio maggiore di 23, se quest'ultimi sono gli stessi che verranno utilizzati poi durante il corso del secondo semestre o sono materiale di approfondimento, mi potrebbe dire inoltre se questo è il suo sito: http://economia.unica.it/inglesenello stesso posso trovarvi indicati il materiale succitato?Grazie,buona giornata

15. A Note on Style “hi am comin in 20mins…” “Am trying a few people 2 c if they can do course. I’ll sms u names + numbers….” “Just spoke 2 Anna 2 organise going 2 Rome, I’ll have all results on thurs would u like 2 c them b4 I go?”

16. A Note on Style “Dear Laura,Thanks for your mail, I am sorry you have problems to come this semester,but do not worry, I am sure we will find the best moment in the future, next October would be perfect!As referred to my visit there, I still have to check my agenda, but in principle May or so sounds fine, I'd like to get some Sardinia sun indeed, as winter time round here in Leon is also beeing quite bad!We will keep in contact and I'll let you know soon, all right? Meanwhile take care, and I hope your father gets well soon!Best wishes,Mario Keynes”

17. E-mails • Used increasingly in international business to replace letters, faxes and sometimes phonecalls • Why? INEXPENSIVE, EASY-TO-USE • -Style of writing can vary, but usually…. • more INFORMAL • However…… we must pay attention to: • Our reader and our purpose, and adapt style of writing accordingly; • HUMOR/JOKES; • E-mails are public; • Sending something important? Use follow-up faxes or letters! • Keep track! File and Print!! • Vedi : p. 18-19 Skills; pp-9-13 dispensa

18. WINERY-REPLY • Purpose defines the type of texts: WHY? • WRITE AN EMAIL TO THE ITALIAN WINE PRODUCER WHO REQUESTED INFORMATION ON YOUR WINE TRADE SHOW • Your email should contain information on: • SITE OF THE TRADE SHOW; COUNTRIES AND WINERIES PARTICIPATING; SCHEDULE OF EVENTS; ACCOMMODATION; ANY OTHER USEFUL INFO • Readers define the type of texts: WHO? • - YOU – The Trade Show organizer • - AN ITALIAN wine producer – the reader • Context defines the type of texts: WHERE? • - What is the means of communications? • - What are your respective positions/roles/titles/culture? • Purpose, readers and context define the text style • - HOW are you going to write this email?

19. MASTERS PROGRAMME - REPLY • Purpose defines the type of texts: WHY? • WRITE AN EMAIL TO THE ITALIAN STUDENT WHO REQUESTED INFORMATION ON YOUR MASTER PROGRAM • Your email should contain information on: • UNIVERSITY CALENDAR; COURSE START; TYPE OF LESSONS; COMPULSORY EXAMS; ACCOMMODATION; ANY OTHER USEFUL INFO • Readers define the type of texts: WHO? • - YOU – the Director of Studies • - AN ITALIAN GRADUATE STUDENT – the reader • Context defines the type of texts: WHERE? • - What is the means of communications? • - What are your respective positions/roles/titles/culture? • Purpose, readers and context define the text style • - HOW are you going to write this email?

21. Master Program Dear Mr. Bianco, My name’s Mike Post. I’m the staff manager of the Business Master. You’ve asked me some information in your email. I’m glad to comunicate you that our calendar of lessons will start in November and will stop in May next year. Courses will have a daily frequence from 9.00 am to 4 pm. Lessons will be frontal with full referenced teachers and could be some external activities like seminars. We can offer you a cheaper accomodation in our Campus, but it’s necessary that you write me your intention as soon as possible. If you need any further information or have other questions, do not hesitate to contact me. Yours sincerely, Mike Post, Staff Manager

22. DANISH IMPORTER- REPLY • Purpose defines the type of texts: WHY? • WRITE AN EMAIL TO THE DANISH IMPORTER WHO REQUESTED TO START DEVELOPING A BUSINESS WITH SERDIANA WINE • Your email should contain information on: • YOUR INTEREST IN THE DANISH AND SCANDINAVIAN MARKETS; YOUR INTEREST IN MEETING THEM DURING NEXT VINITALY; YOUR DECISON ABOUT HIS REQUEST (WINE SAMPLES, PRICELIST, COMMISSION) • Readers define the type of texts: WHO? • - YOU – A representative of Serdiana Winery • - The Danish dealer – the reader • Context defines the type of texts: WHERE? • - What is the means of communications? • - What are your respective positions/roles/titles/culture? • Purpose, readers and context define the text style • - HOW are you going to write this email?

23. Types of sentences Dear Mario, With reference to the arrangements we made yesterday, I am writing to inform you about our next conference. The conference will be held at the Hotel T, in Cagliari, on Thursday November 12 at 9,00…... Following our telephone conversation yesterday, I am writing to confirm our next meeting. As for our meeting, I can confirm you that …. As regardsour meeting, I can confirm you that… With regards to our meeting, I can confirm you that…

24. CLARIFICATIONS (p. 14-15)Dear Jo,I’m not sure what your ‘yes’ was referring to; could you clarify?Just a couple of other things I want to clear up:- In your email you say that the meeting will be postponed to Thursday.Do you mean Thursday next week? What about the time and the place (Same time and place)?- As for the estimated cost. The figure you mention, is it in pounds, dollars, or euros (which currency are you referring to)?- Lastly, Andrea Cavalieri, the senior contractor, is it a he or a she?Please answer asap (Please confirm asap)Carrie

25. CLARIFICATIONS P. 15Dear Ms Tau Pei Lin,Thank you for your email concerning my travel arrangements.I can confirm that I will be arriving on Monday at 05.00 at Beijng airport. Will you/ somebody meet me at the airport?As for the meeting with your lawyers, I would like to know the exact time and place. You say that a Mr. Chang will attend the meeting. Can you remind me about his position in the company? What is his first name?Also, you mention a dinner on Sunday. I am sure there must be a mistake or misunderstanding.As you know, I am leaving on Sunday morning.I would be very pleased to come. Can I bring my wife? (Is my wife invited?).I look forward to hearing from you soon,SincerelyJ. Peters

26. CLARIFICATIONS P. 15Dear Ms Tau Pei Lin,Thank you for your email concerning my travel arrangements.I can confirm that I will be arriving on Monday at 05.00 at Beijng airport. Will you/ somebody meet me at the airport?As for the meeting with your lawyers, I would like to know the exact time and place. You say that a Mr. Chang will attend the meeting. Can you remind me about his position in the company? What is his first name?Also, you mention a dinner on Sunday. I am sure there must be a mistake or misunderstanding.As you know, I am leaving on Sunday morning.I would be very pleased to come. Can I bring my wife? (Is my wife invited?).I look forward to hearing from you soon,SincerelyJ. Peters

27. REQUESTS AND REPLIESp. 16; pp. 60-61 Skills

28. ASKING FOR ADVICE

31. 30 SECONDS p. 15

32. TYPES OF EMAIL Dear Ms Fodde, My name is Spano Antioco. I'm writing to have the extra material of your course "Business English". I look forward to hearing from you. Best regards Antioco Spano >______________

33. TYPES OF EMAIL Dear Antioco, thank you for your email, which by the way was quite correct. Enclosed you will find a copy of my powerpoint file. If you need any extra material, don't hesitate to contact me again. Have a good weekend! L. Fodde P.S. When you say: "My name is..." in both English and Italian, your Christian name goes before your last name!!! Remember!

34. TYPES OF EMAIL (pp.18-19 --Messaggio originale---- Da: Data: 26-nov-2006 11.28 PM A: <luisannafodde@virgilio.it> Ogg: RE: I: extra material - Business English- Dear Ms Fodde, Thank you for your mail. I'm sorry for the way, but it's the result that be important. (Is this word correct?) Thanks for all. (I don't sure that is correct, too) Antioco Spano

35. Faxes (23-25) • Well-established means of communication. • Fast, convenient, flexible • FORMAT: senders’ and receivers’ INFORMATION • STYLE: similar to letters (FORMULAIC EXPRESSIONS) • less formal sometimes • Address not written in full; • Each page must be numbered; • Signatures in full; • Hand-written faxes sometimes acceptable; • Care for details important

36. Letters (Snail mail) • Still used in formal written communication • (SPECIALLY IF PRINTED IN GOOD PAPER) for: • FORMAL INTRODUCTIONS TO COMPANIES; • CONFIRMATION OF CONTRACTS; • THANK-YOU MESSAGES • They can be a useful back-up to important e-mails or faxes; • They can be used to send bulky material (brochures, samples); • They can be used when there are technological problems

37. Letters LAYOUT (pp. 27-30) • Blocked or Indented layout. No commas for addresses; • Initials to be included: Mr K Jennings; • Letters beginning with name in salutation (Dear Mr Jennings) should end Yours sincerely (Yours truly, Sincerely Yours in the US); • Letters beginning with Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, should end Yours faithfully; • Gentlemen (very American and very sexist, not recommended internationally)