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Extreme Performance…

Extreme Performance…. Thomas Kyte http://asktom.oracle.com/. The Beginning. Data Model with Structure Data Independent of Code Set-oriented 1977 the work begins. “A Relational Model for Large Shared Databanks”. E.F. Codd - 1970. GPS 1978. GPS 1978. First RDBMS: Version 2 June 1979.

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Extreme Performance…

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  1. Extreme Performance… Thomas Kyte http://asktom.oracle.com/

  2. The Beginning... • Data Model with Structure • Data Independent of Code • Set-oriented • 1977 the work begins “A Relational Model forLarge Shared Databanks” E.F. Codd - 1970

  3. GPS 1978

  4. GPS 1978

  5. First RDBMS: Version 2 June 1979 • FIRST Commercial SQL RDBMS • Impressive First SQL • Joins, Subqueries • Outer Joins, Connect By • A Simple Server • No transactions, ‘Limited’ Reliability • Portability from the Start • Written in Fortran • But multi-platform – PDP11, Dec VAX

  6. IBM PC – 1981 IBM model number 5150, introduced on August 12, 1981.

  7. Internet (as we know it) – 1983 The first TCP/IP-based wide-area network was operational by January 1, 1983 when all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the older NCP protocols.

  8. Portability: Version 3 March 1983 • New Implementation Designed for Portability • Written in ‘C’ • Single Source • Architectural Changes • Transactions, multi-versioning, no read consistency • AI/BI files • Oracle Corporation – name established

  9. Cooperative Server: Version 5 April 1985 • My First Oracle Experience • 1st Client/Server • Cooperative Server • Distributed Processing • Parallel Server • Portability • V5 was first to go beyond 640K memory on PCs • Single-user for Macintosh o/s • SQL_TRACE • select trace('sql',1),1 from dual;

  10. Transaction Processing: Version 6 July 1988 • New Architecture • Performance (first SMP) • Availability • TPO • PL/SQL • V6 Lays Architectural Groundwork for the Future • This was a rewrite of the entire database fundamentally

  11. World Wide Web – 1990’ish The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, working at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, and released in 1992.

  12. Oracle7.3 February 1996 • Spatial Data Option • Tablespaces changes - Coalesce, Temporary Permanent, • Trigger compilation, debug • Unlimited extents on STORAGE clause. • Some init.ora parameters modifiable - TIMED_STATISTICS • HASH Joins, Antijoins • Histograms • Oracle Trace • Advanced Replication Object Groups • Partitioned Views • Bitmapped Indexes • Asynchronous read ahead for table scans • Standby Database • Deferred transaction recovery on instance startup • Updatable Join View • SQLDBA no longer shipped. • Index rebuilds • DBV introduced • Context Option • PL/SQL - UTL_FILE

  13. 1000 800 600 Terabytes of Data Actual 400 Projected 200 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Data Warehouses Growing RapidlyTripling In Size Every Two Years Size of the Largest Data Warehouses Source: Winter TopTen Survey, Winter Corporation, Waltham MA, 2008.

  14. Extreme Performance

  15. The Performance ChallengeStorage Data Bandwidth Bottleneck • Current warehouse deployments often have bottlenecks limiting the movement of data from disks to servers • Storage Array internal bottlenecks on processors and Fibre Channel Loops • Limited Fibre Channel host bus adapters in servers • Under configured and complex SANs • Pipes between disks and servers are 10x to 100x too slow for data size

  16. 10 Hours Typical High-End Array Table Scan Time Typical Mid-Range Array 5 Hours Typical NAS 1 Hour Table Size 1TB 10 TB 100TB Data Warehouses Start Slowdown at 1TB

  17. Solutions To Data Bandwidth Bottleneck • Add more pipes – Massively parallel architecture • Make the pipes wider – 5X faster than conventional storage • Ship less data through the pipes – Process data in storage

  18. What We Announced at OpenWorld Extreme Performance | Unlimited Scalability | Enterprise Ready

  19. HP Oracle Database Machine:The next step in DW Hardware Solutions Custom Reference Configurations Optimized Warehouse HP Oracle Database Machine • Complete Flexibility • Any OS, any platform • Easy fit into a company’s IT standards • Documented best-practice configurations for data warehousing • Scalable systems pre-installed and pre-configured: ready to run out-of-the-box • Highest performance • Pre-installed and pre-configured • Sold by Oracle

  20. Products Announced HP Exadata Storage Server Hardware • Paired with Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software • Delivers database intelligence in storage tier • Supported for Oracle Enterprise and Red Hat servers running Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition* HP Oracle Database Machine • Simplicity of appliance seamlessly integrated with the database • Eliminates all bottlenecks preventing high performance data scans • Includes Exadata Storage Server • Dramatic performance improvement for data warehouses * Linux 5.1 releases with appropriate Infiniband drivers, Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition vers. 11.1.0.7

  21. FirstHP Oracle Database Machine

  22. The HP Oracle Database MachineSales / Support Model • System Delivery • Hardware Service • System Sales • System Support Oracle Technology Sales Manager is the single point for sales Oracle is single point for Support

  23. SecondHP Exadata Storage Server Hardware • 2 Intel processors, 8 cores • 12 disk drives, up to 12 TB raw storage • 2 Infiniband connections • Oracle Enterprise Linux OS

  24. Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software Reduces Data Going through the Pipes • Intelligent storage server • Unique ‘smart scan’ technology • Returns query result set • Not disk blocks

  25. Traditional Scan Processing  SELECT customer_name FROM calls WHERE amount > 200; • With traditional storage, all database intelligence resides in the database hosts • Very large percentage of data returned from storage is discarded by database servers • Discarded data consumes valuable resources, and impacts the performance of other workloads  Rows Returned  DB Host reduces terabyte of data to 1000 customer names that are returned to client  Table Extents Identified  I/Os Executed: 1 terabyte of data returned to hosts  I/Os Issued

  26. Exadata Smart Scan Processing  SELECT customer_name FROM calls WHERE amount > 200;  Rows Returned • Only the relevant columns • customer_name and required rows • where amount>200 are are returned to hosts • CPU consumed by predicate evaluation is offloaded • Moving scan processing off the database host frees host CPU cycles and eliminates massive amounts of unproductive messaging • Returns the needle, not the entire hay stack  Consolidated Result Set Built From All Cells  Smart Scan Constructed And Sent To Cells  Smart Scan identifies rows and columns within terabyte table that match request  2MB of data returned to server

  27. Additional Smart Scan Functionality • Join filtering • Star join filtering is performed within Exadata storage cells • Dimension table predicates are transformed into filters that are applied to scan of fact table • Backups • I/O for incremental backups is much more efficient since only changed blocks are returned • Create Tablespace (file creation) • Formatting of tablespace extents eliminates the I/O associated with the creation and writing of tablespace blocks

  28. Smart Scan Transparency • Smart scans are transparent to the application • No application or SQL changes required • Returned data is fully consistent and transactional • If a cell dies during a smart scan, the uncompleted portions of the smart scan are transparently routed to another cell • Smart Scans correctly handle complex cases including • Uncommitted data and locked rows • Chained rows • Compressed tables • National Language Processing • Date arithmetic • Regular expression searches • Partitioned tables High Throughput, Reduced Overhead, No Complex Tuning

  29. 16 GB/sec … 8 GB/sec 4 GB/sec Massively Parallel Storage Grid • Exadata Storage servers are organized into a massively parallel storage grid • Scalable • Scales to hundreds of storage servers • Data automatically distributed across storage servers by ASM • Transparently redistributed when storage servers are added or removed • Data bandwidth scales linearly with capacity • Available • Data is mirrored across storage servers • Failure of disk or storage server transparently tolerated • Simple • Works transparently - no application changes Exadata bandwidth scales linearly with capacity

  30. Exadata delivers brawny hardware for use by Oracle’s brainy software Performance scales with size Result More business insight Better decisions Improved competitiveness Exadata Performance Scales 10 Hour Table Scan Time Typical Warehouse 5 Hour 1 Hour Exadata Table Size 1TB 10 TB 100TB

  31. Database Server Online Migration Exadata Non-Exadata Exadata Co-Existence and Migration • Databases can be concurrently deployed on Exadata and traditional storage • Tablespaces can exist on Exadata storage, traditional storage, or a combination of the two, and is transparent to database applications • SQL offload processing requires all pieces of a tablespace reside on Exadata • Online migration if currently using ASM and ASM redundancy • Migration can be done using RMAN or Data Guard

  32. M-Tel Exadata Speedup 10X to 72X Performance Improvement 28x Average Speedup

  33. Plamen Zyumbyulev Head of Database Administration M-Tel “Every query was faster on Exadata compared to our current systems. The smallest performance improvement was 10xand the biggest one was an incredible 72x.”

  34. Grant Salmon Chief Executive Officer LGR Telecommunications “Call Data Record queries that used to run for over 30 minutes now complete in under 1 minute. That's extreme performance.”

  35. Giant Eagle Exadata Speedup 3X to 48X Performance Improvement 16x Average Speedup

  36. Walt Litzenberger Director Enterprise Database Systems The CME Group “Oracle Exadata outperforms anything we’ve tested to date by 10 to 15 times. This product flat-out screams.”

  37. Where Can You Try It? • North America Enterprise Technology Centers (ETC) • Atlanta, GA • Two HP Oracle Database Machines, each with 8 database server nodes and 14 HP Exadata Storage Server cells holding 12 drives of 1 TB in size each • Capacity of about 46 TB of uncompressed data / rack • Reston, VA • Three HP Oracle Database Machines, each with 8 database server nodes and 14 HP Exadata Storage Server cells holding 12 drives of 300 GB in size each • Capacity of about 14 TB of uncompressed data / rack A queue has already formed!

  38. Exadata Benefits • Extreme Performance • 10X and more speedup for data warehousing • Database Aware Storage • Smart Scans • Massively Parallel Architecture • Dynamically Scalable to hundreds of cells • Linear Scaling of Data Bandwidth • Transaction/Job level Quality of Service • Mission Critical Availability and Protection • Disaster recovery, backup, point-in-time recovery, data validation, encryption

  39. Resources • Oracle.com:http://www.oracle.com/exadata • Oracle Exadata Technology Portal on OTN: http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exadata • Oracle Exadata white papers: http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exadata/pdf/exadata-technical-whitepaper.pdf http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exadata/pdf/migration-to-exadata-whitepaper.pdf

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