Chapter 19

1. The Growth of Industry Chapter 19

2. S.1 Question How did the railways pave the way for the expansion of industry in the West? Section 1: railroads Lead the Way!(Page 551)

3. Trains!

4. Influence of trains • Civil War? • After the War? • Moved troops and supplies • Lines expanded to help with trade and rebuilding. • 163,000 miles of track by 1900!

5. Railroads in Song • John Henry • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGglKPqG16s • 9 minutes • I’ve been working on the railroad • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpZMqCiD_Nw • Buggs clip 30 sec. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrRFOCM9XtE • Rr clip 2 min or so.

6. Quiz item • Consolidation • Practice of large RR companies buying smaller companies • Other examples? • Internet? • Cable? • Cell phone companies…?

7. Quiz Item • Railroad Barons • Cornelius Vanderbilt • History Channel clip • The Men Who Built America: The Rise of Cornelius Vanderbilt (3:47) TV-G • Discover how a steamboat captain built a railroad empire. • http://www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america/videos/the-men-who-built-america-the-rise-of-cornelius-vanderbilt#the-men-who-built-america-the-rise-of-cornelius-vanderbilt

8. How did the railroads increase growth in industry? • Raw Materials: coal, iron ore, and timber to factories • Move manufactured good to markets • Transport produce from farms

9. Connecting America • Standard Gauge • Same width of RR track, 4 feet, 8.5 inches

10. Standard Gauge

11. RR Technology improves • Air brakes • Couplers • Refrigerated cars • Sleeping cars • Dining cars

12. Quiz item • Rebates • Secret discounts to the largest customers

13. How did the railways pave the way for the expansion of industry in the West? • Write your answer here: • Draw a picture related to your response: • Share with a neighbor! • End section 1 notes.

14. Inventions! How did inventions change the way Americans lived? Section 2 notes Chapter 19

15. inventions • Samuel B. Morse invented? • Telegraph

16. Inventions • Alexander Graham Bell invented? • Telephone! • The Birth of Telecommunications (4:11) TV-PG • Alexander Graham Bell thought he was on to something, but no one wanted his new invention. Hear the first messages to travel by wire and through the air. • http://www.history.com/topics/alexander-graham-bell/videos#the-telegraph-and-telephone

17. Inventions • Thomas Edison invented? • Light bulb! • http://www.history.com/topics/thomas-edison/videos#thomas-edison • http://www.history.com/topics/thomas-edison/videos#light-bulb-turns-night-into-day • http://www.history.com/topics/thomas-edison/videos#edisons-failed-inventions

18. Inventions • Henry Ford improved… • The ways cars were made so they were less expensive • http://www.history.com/topics/henry-ford/videos#great-minds-of-business-henry-ford • http://www.history.com/topics/henry-ford/videos#henry-ford-and-the-model-t

19. Inventions • The Wright Brothers were the first to… • Fly an airplane! • How did the various inventions change the way Americans lived? • Assignment: Categorize the inventions on a piece of notebook paper!

20. Section 3, C.19, the age of Big business • How did big business change the way Americans lived? • This time period in history is referred to as the “guilded age.” • What is guilded? • Who prospered? • Who did not? • What is the result?

21. The corporation • What is a corporation? • A company that sells shares or stock to the public

22. facebook

23. Quiz item • What are dividends? • A reward or cash payment for investing in the company stock

24. The oil business • John D. Rockefeller • Formed a company called Standard Oil. • (Kerosene)

25. Standard oil

26. Standard Oil

27. The Steel Business • Andrew Carnegie • Made steel at a lower cost • Sidenote: Pittsburgh Steelers • J.P. Morgan bought Carnegie’s steel company for 450 Million. • First Billion $ company in the U.S.

28. What to do with all of the money? • Philanthropy • Use of money to benefit the community • Sidenotes: Carnegie donated over 350M, Carnegie Hall in NYC • Rockefeller, money for medical research and started the University of Chicago

29. Corporations (big business) • Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 • This was the first attempt to limit the power of monopolies

30. What is the problem with Monopolies? • Prices? • Quality? • Competition? • Cell phones? • Other products? • Section summary? • How did big business change the life of Americans? End section 3.

31. The men who built America • The Men Who Built America: Traits of a Titan (3:37) TV-G • Today's business leaders reflect on the character and inspiration that many of America's first titans of industry all had in common. • http://www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america/videos/the-men-who-built-america-the-rise-of-cornelius-vanderbilt#the-men-who-built-america-traits-of-a-titan

32. Challenges for workers: Big factories Less personal Long work day (10-12 hours) 6 day work week Fired for no reason Could be replaced by immigrants who were willing to take less pay Section 4 Industrial Workers

33. Working Conditions • Sweatshops • Garment workers who toiled in crowded factories and ruined their eyesight by sewing in poor light for many hours

34. Child Labor • Laws to protect children were often ignored by employers • Law: 12 years old, not work more than 10 hours per day. • Jacob Riis (2:07) TV-PG • Learn how photographer Jacob Riis changed the lives of New York Citiy's poor by exposing how they were forced to live. • http://www.history.com/topics/triangle-shirtwaist-fire/videos#jacob-riis

35. Labor Unions begin to form. Why? • Trade Unions • Groups that formed because they worked in the same type of job

36. Unions begin to grow • Collective bargaining • The union represents the workers when bargaining with manangement. • Sidenote: Some unions are allowed to strike • Triangle Shirt Company Fire, Co. locked the doors so workers couldn’t leave early. 150 died in a fire.

37. The unions take action Railroad strike of 1877: Strikebreakers were hired to replace striking workers. Led to violence

38. More Union action • Haymarket Square Riot in Chicago 1886 • Workers were protesting the killing of 4 strikes • Someone threw a bomb that killed 7 policemen. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKkEl9XzjFc • Pbs 8 minute clip

39. More Union Action • Homestead Strike: • Carnegie cut worker’s wages hoping to break the union, led to riots • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5j2Zm353cY • Pinkertons

40. More union action • Pullman Strike of 1894: • Railway plant workers in Chicago went on strike due to cut in wages. President Cleveland sent troops to end the strike. A big hit to the labor movement. • End section 4. • Summarize the labor movement. Include a picture in the space below.