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The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century

The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Curt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg Summer Semester 2013. The Apex of Civil Rights Reform. The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960

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The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century

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  1. The African-American Freedom Struggle from the Civil War to the Twenty-First Century Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergCurt-Engelhorn Chair in American HistoryProf. Dr. Manfred BergSummer Semester 2013 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  2. The Apex of Civil Rights Reform The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 The Kennedy Administration and Civil Rights Toward the 1964 Civil Rights Act Toward the Voting Rights Act Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  3. CivilRightsActof 1957 • EstablishesCivilRightsCommission • EstablishesCivilRights Division in theDepartment of Justice • Authorizes Department of Justice tosuestateofficialforviolatingcivilrightsandvotingrights Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  4. John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  5. Freedom Rides, 1961 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  6. Voter Education Project, 1962-1964 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  7. Eugene T. „Bull“ Connor, 1897-1973 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  8. Letter from a Birmingham Jail Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  9. Birmingham, April/May 1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  10. George C. Wallace, 1919-1998 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  11. Medgar Evers, 1925-1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  12. March on Washington, 28.08.1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  13. I Have A Dream Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  14. Birmingham, 15.9.1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  15. Lyndon B. Johnson, 1908-1973 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  16. CivilRightsAct 1964 • ProhibitsRacial Segregation in publicfacilities • Prohibitsracialdiscrimination on accountofskincolor, race, national origin, religion, and sex. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  17. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party atAtlantic City, 1964 • "We didn't come all this way for no two seats when all of us is tired". • Fannie Lou Hamer Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  18. Robert Moses, *1935 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  19. Freedom Summer 1964 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  20. Mississippi is for Murder • Andrew Goodman, 1943-1964 • James Chaney, 1943-1964 • Michael Schwerner, 1939-1964 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  21. Selma, Alabama, 1965 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  22. The VotingRightsActof 1965 • Covers all statesthatrequireliteracytestsandhave a fewerthan 50% of all eligibleadults registered orvotíng • Suspends all literacytestsfor 5 years • Federal registrarstakeoverregistration in partsofthe South • States coveredbythelawhavetosubmit all votinglawchangestothe Department of Justice for „preclearance“ Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  23. The Impact ofthetheVotingRightsAct 19641966 • Alabama 110,000 250,000 • Louisiana243,000 350,000 • Mississippi29,000 175,000 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  24. CivilRightsReformsof 1964/65 • Formal and legal equality? • Major breakthrough; achievementofgoalsforwhichblackshadfoughtanddiedfordecades • Additional lawsandcourtrulingsdismantledinstituionalracism • Part of a larger reformagendathat also includedeconomicopportunityandexpansionofthewelfarestate, e.g. War on Poverty • But: High expectationsremainunfulfilled. Black radicalization – White backlash. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

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