Chief Harlin R. McEwen Chairman, Communications & Technology Committee

1. Chief Harlin R. McEwen Chairman, Communications & Technology Committee International Association of Chiefs of Police Chief of Police (Ret) City of Ithaca, NYFBI Deputy Assistant Director (Ret)

2. Public SafetyCommunications Issues

3. First Responder Community 2,500,000 Public Safety First Responders 28,713 Fire and 6,034 EMS Departments(1) 960,000 Firefighters & 830,000 EMS Personnel 15,221 Law Enforcement Agencies(2) 710,000 Law Enforcement Officers 1 National Directory of Fire Chiefs and EMS Administrators 2 National Directory of Law Enforcement Administrators

4. Public Safety Communications Basically A State & Local Issue First Responders Are State & Local Federal Agencies Have A Different Mission Radio Spectrum Assigned Differently State & Local Agencies Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Federal Agencies National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)

5. Public Safety Communications Voice - Wireless/Radio Data - Wireless/Radio (Land Mobile/Satellite) Data - Wired Networks (Internet)

6. Public Safety Radio Systemsvs.CommercialCellular-Type Services

7. CommercialCellular-Type Services • Are used by virtually every public safety agency for NON MISSION CRITICAL communications • Are a useful tool • Augment communications capability • Provide some overflow • Provide means to “quickly” add service • 48+ hour response • Limitations on type of service

8. Public Safety Systems One-to-many Wide area coverage Infra-structure independent Instant access Decisions--Mission Commercial Cellular-Type Systems One-to-one Cellular coverage Infra-structure dependent Access delayed Decisions--Business Comparison

9. Public Safety Systems One-time cost Control of system Commercial Cellular-Type Systems Cost based on use No control of system Often overloaded, particularly in times of major emergencies No redundancy Comparison

10. Public Safety Must Have Mission Critical Systems In law enforcement, it is imperative for one unit to hear what is going on around it, for the dispatcher to be able to send multiple units to a scene quickly and for all those in an area to be able to hear the report from the first officer on the scene Likewise, fire personnel need to be directed into a fire scene. Consider five engines responding to a fire. The officer in charge must be able to direct each engine into the response---some to hydrants, some to rescue activities and some to attack the fire. It is also important that all of those responding to the fire know what the others are doing and where they are

11. What Is Interoperability? It isthe ability to communicate with whom we need to when we need to It is nota need to communicate with everyone all of the time

12. Priority #1 Provide Public Safety Radio Communications Systems That Provide Reliable Agency Specific Communications Priority #2Provide Public Safety Radio Communications Systems That Provide Reliable Interagency Local Communications Priority #3Provide Public Safety Radio Communications Systems That Provide Reliable Interagency Local/State/Federal Communications

13. Public Safety Continues To Need "More Radio Spectrum" Amount of spectrum currently available is insufficient to effectively carry out the public safety critical mission Spectrum is increasingly being used to support more advanced technologies such as data, imagery, & video

14. Public Safety Continues To Need "More Radio Spectrum" For over 20 years, Public Safety has been actively working with the FCC & Congress to obtain more Public Safety radio spectrum The 1996 Report of the Public Safety Wireless Advisory Committee (PSWAC) indicated Public Safety needs an additional 97.5 MHz by 2010

15. Public Safety Continues To Need "More Radio Spectrum" • Public Safety Wireless Advisory Committee • Final report published September 11, 1996 • Evaluated spectrum needs of public safety THROUGH the year 2010 • Recommended 97.5 MHz of additional spectrum • 25 MHz needed within 5 years • 2.5 MHz needed below 512 MHz for interoperability

16. Public Safety Continues To Need "More Radio Spectrum" In the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, the Congress directed the FCC to allocate additional public safety spectrum As a result the FCC allocated 24 MHz of new Public Safety radio spectrum - TV Channels 63 & 64 (764-776 MHz) TV Channels 68 & 69 (794-806 MHz)

17. Public Safety Continues To Need "More Radio Spectrum" The 24 MHz of Public Safety radio spectrum - TV Ch 63 & 64 (764-776 MHz) & TV Ch 68 & 69 (794-806 MHz) worthless to Public Safety in most areas of the U.S. until TV broadcasters vacate the spectrum Public Safety and the "Big 7" have endorsed the Harman/Weldon Bill HR3397 as a way to solve the problem

18. 700 MHz Public Safety Spectrum Blockage

19. Public Safety Radio Spectrum Bands 450-470764-776*806-8244940 25-50 150-174 220-222 470-512794-806* 851-8694990 30 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz *Requires TV Clearing in most urban areasNew PS Spectrum – 4.9 GHz

20. Challenges to Public Safety Communications & Interoperability Public Safety Radio Communications Today: • $17.1B State and Local aging infrastructure needs replacing • Distributed governance • Incompatible Equipment • Relatively small (compared to commercial market), fragmented niche market • Limited vendors There is No “Silver Bullet” Solution

21. Defining The Wireless/Radio Problem “State and Local Law Enforcement Wireless Communications and InteroperabilityA Quantitative Analysis”Published - January 1998 • Report based upon 1997 Survey of Local and State law enforcement agencies • Fundingand Different Radio Bands were top two obstacles cited with improving communications and interoperability • Institutional differences were also noted as a significant obstacle; the existence of fiefdoms • Survey respondents almost unanimously stated that any federal mandates on spectrum usemust have fundingfor implementation Key Findings:

22. Public Safety Radio Interference “Current 800 MHz Systems” Public Safety is experiencing serious radio interference throughout the U.S. in 800 MHz systems “Future 700 MHz Systems” Public Safety is concerned that the FCC has adopted tentative rules that will not prevent similar or worse interference in the new 700 MHz band

23. Public Safety Radio Interference “Current 800 MHz Systems”

24. Public Safety National Coordinating Committee N C C Formed in 1997 Official Federal Advisory Committee that is making recommendations to the FCC for the use of the new 700 MHz spectrum

25. National Public Safety Telecommunications Council N P S T C Formed in 1997 NPSTC Member Organizations American Assn of State Highway & Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Association of Public Safety Officials (APCO) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Law Enforcement Wireless Users Group (FLEWUG) Forestry Conservation Communications Association (FCCA) International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)

26. NPSTC Member Organizations (Cont’d) International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM) International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) International Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA) International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA) National Assn of State Emergency Medical Service Directors (NASEMSD) National Association of State Foresters (NASF) National Assn of State Telecommunications Directors (NASTD) Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN)

27. www.capwinproject.com

28. Public Safety Wireless Network Program A Federal Program Jointly Administered By The U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Department of Justice PSWN Resources Conduct Symposiums Publish Reports & Resource Manuals Provided Financial Assistance to State & Local Assisted with Olympic System in Salt Lake City

29. National Institute of Justice - Office of Science & Technology The AGILE Program Mission: To assist state and local public safety agencies to effectively and efficiently communicate with one another across agency and jurisdictional boundaries Research, Development, Testing and Evaluation (RDT&E) Standards Identification, Development and Adoption Outreach & Technology Assistance

30. AGILE Resources “Why Can’t We Talk” Video AGILE Brochure AGILE Resource CD-ROM www.agileprogram.org

31. National Task Force On Interoperability Supported By The National Institute of Justice Office of Science & Technology AGILE Program State & Local Elected & Appointed Officials Big Seven and Public Safety Associations Chair Judith Wood Chief Information Officer Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services Vice Chair Vicki Barnett City Councilmember City of Farmington Hills Michigan

32. www.it.ojp.gov/global

33. Justice Standards Registry Infrastructure/StandardsWorking Group (ISWG) The Justice Standards Registry will be a repository of information technology and communications standards that promote information exchange