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Sugarcane Development

This presentation is all about Sugarcane: its latest varieties, Economies of Scale, Deseases, Research Findings in Pakistan, and Production Technology for small Farmers to maximize their production.

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Sugarcane Development

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  1. Introduction of new varieties for cane development By ( M.Irfan Arshad ) Credit & VO Help Officer CMP-II, Govt. of Punjab, Agriculture Dept.

  2. IMPORTANCE • Sugarcane is one of the most important cash crops of Pakistan. Pakistan ranks 5th in cane area and production but 7th in sugar production and 11th in yield per hectare but lowest in sugar recovery among the 12 major sugarcane growing countries of the world. The largest cane producers are Brazil, India, China and Thailand. Pakistan has to compete with these countries in cane yield and sugar recovery to compete in the world market. At present, the country is not even producing cane as much to meet the need of the industry. Total cane requirement of the industry is 68 million tones while total production is 54.87 million tones from which only 40.48 million tones is available for the industry. Thus, 27.52 million tones more cane is required. Hence total cane production should be 82.3 million tones which can not be obtained by increasing the area due to competition with other crops.

  3. -2- • Therefore, increase in cane yield per hectare is the pre-requisite. To full-fill the requirement of cane from the existing 1.02 million hectares, the yield level will have to be improved upto 80 t/ha as against present yield level of 53.10 t/ha. Similarly, for the survival of the industry and remain competitive in the international market at Rs. 18/- per kg sugar rate, the industry will have to produce sugar @ 11.00 % recovery at the existing sugarcane price of Rs. 60/- per 40 kg cane against the present recovery level of 8.69 %. Thus for extra recovery of 2.31% introduction rather multiplication of high sugar varieties is the need of the time for the survival of the industry (Table-1, 2 & 3).

  4. Table-1 IMPORTANCE OF SUGARCANE CROP IN PUNJAB By-Products: Alcohol, Vinegar, Confectioneries, animal feed, poultry feed, Fish feed, chipboard, win-board, hard board and plywood. Tops as fodder for livestock bagasse and trash as fuel. Employment:Direct: 40000 people (4000 highly qualified, 16000 semi-skilled & 20000 unskilled) Indirect:0.7 million people

  5. Table-2 IMPORTANCE OF SUGARCANE CROP IN PAKISTAN By-Products: Alcohol, Vinegar, Confectioneries, animal feed, poultry feed, Fish feed, chipboard, win-board, hard board and plywood. Tops as fodder for livestock bagasse and trash as fuel. Employment:Direct: 40000 people (4000 highly qualified, 16000 semi-skilled & 20000 unskilled) Indirect:0.7 million people

  6. Table-3 Present scenario of cane production and sugar recovery in the country • Mills total crushing capacity = 68.00 m.t. • Total sugarcane production = 54.87 m.t. • Percent utilization = 73.78 • Cane available for crushing = 40.48 m.t. • Extra cane requirement = 27.52 m.t. • Total cane requirement = 82.39 m.t. • Cane area = 1.029 ha • Average cane yield required = 80.00 t ha-1 • Present cane yield = 53.10 t ha-1 • Extra cane yield required = 26.90 t ha-1 • Av. sugar recovery required = 11.00 % @ Rs. 60/- 40 kg cane • At present av. sugar recovery = 8.69 % • Extra cane recovery required = 2.31 %

  7. Over view of cane production and sugar recovery • Total area under sugarcane (2006-07) = 1.03 m.ha • Total cane production = 54.87 m.t. • Total cane crushed = 40.44 m.t. • Total sugar made (78 sugar mills) = 3.518 m.t. • Sugar recovery % (Pakistan) = 8.70 % • (India) = 12.62 % • (Florida, USA) = 10.96 % • (Mauritius) = 11.05 % • (Australia) = 14.50 % • (Brazil) = 13.00 % • Required sugar recovery in Pakistan = 10.50 % • Expected sugar = 4.22 m.t. • Actual sugar produced = 3.518 m.t. • Extra sugar expected = 0.718 m.t. • Value of extra expected sugar = Rs. 17.5 billion • Share of each sugar mills (78 sugar mills) = Rs. 224 million

  8. CAUSES OF LOW SUGAR RECOVERY • Sowing of low sugar varieties • Payment on weight basis • Supply of staled and un-cleaned cane • Late application of fertilizer • Application of water before harvesting • Un-scheduled supply of cane to the mills. • Supply of cane to the mills is not according to the maturity schedule • Poor development work by the mills • Appointment of un-qualified staff • Late planting • Supply of diseased and insect infected cane • Inefficient processing.

  9. SUGARCANE RECOVERY IMPROVEMENT 1. Role of Variety

  10. Variety plays A pivotal role in enhancing cane and sugar yield. The inherent cane yield and sugar recovery potential varies in different sugarcane varieties. However, the yield and recovery potential of a variety can be realized if a variety has a resistance against diseases and insect pests. • At present, average sugar recovery varies from 7.82 to 9.09% with average bench mark recovery of 8.5% (ranging from 6.00 to 9.50%). Whereas, varieties are presented with Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad with sugar recovery starting from 12.50 to 15% with an average of 14.50%. But such varieties need more attention to maintain their purity and health. Such varieties may be tested and multiplied with proper care at the mills farms as healthy seed nurseries for supply to the farmers on exchange basis or at subsidized rates. Thus growing of such varieties will help in vertical improvement of cane and sugar yields as area under sugarcane can not be increased due to competition with other crops.

  11. CANE ANALYSIS REPORT NATIONAL SUGAR INDUSTRIES FARM, SARGODHA (Dated 24-11-2000) LAB. INCHARGE National Sugar Mills Limited

  12. CANE ANALYSIS REPORT PHALIA SUGAR MILLS LIMITED, KARMANWALA (Cane samples taken from Zonal Variety Trial from Chak DHAREACAN KALAN) (Dated 18-1-1999) CHIEF CHEMIST Phalia Sugar Mills Limited

  13. ASHRAF SUGAR MILLS, ASHRAFABAD, BAHAWALPUR. Doc. No. Lab-FR-01 Rev No.__________ SUGARCANE SAMPLES ANALYSIS Date: November 03, 2007 D.C.C. (Lab.) Asstt. Lab. I/C

  14. ASHRAF SUGAR MILLS, ASHRAFABAD, BAHAWALPUR. Doc. No. Lab-FR-01 Rev No.__________ SUGARCANE SAMPLES ANALYSIS Date: November 03, 2007 D.C.C. (Lab.) Asstt. Lab. I/C

  15. Samples provided by: Ayub Research Centre, Faisalabad. Date: 26-12-2007 SHAKARGANG MILLS LTD., JHANG Contd..p..2..

  16. Sd/- Manager (Q.C. & Testing) Sd/- Officer Laboratory

  17. KAMALIA SUGAR MILLS LIMITED, KAMALIA CANE ANALYSIS REPORT Date = 07-02-2008

  18. KAMALIA SUGAR MILLS LIMITED, KAMALIA CANE ANALYSIS REPORT Date = 07-02-2008

  19. KAMALIA SUGAR MILLS LIMITED, KAMALIA CANE ANALYSIS REPORT Date = 07-02-2008

  20. Approved sugarcane varieties of S.R.I., Fsd.During Last 10 Years *Frost tolerant / resistant varieties

  21. Sugarcane varieties in pipeline at S.R.I., FSD. *Frost tolerant / resistant varieties

  22. PERIODIC RECOVERIES OF SOME COMMERCIAL SUGARCANE VARIETIES CPF-237 CP 77-400 BL-4 HSF-240 BF-162 SPF-234 Co-1148

  23. Periodic Recovery % Cane of Some Commercial Varieties, Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

  24. HARVESTING SCHEDULE OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES

  25. Sugar production cost at varying sugar recovery levels and cane price @ Rs. 60/- 40 kg

  26. Staling Losses In Different Sugarcane Varieties (After eight days harvesting)

  27. Effect of trash and tops on sugar recovery

  28. Impact of varieties on mills sugar recovery in the Punjab

  29. Role of variety for Recovery Improvement due to different models in some sugar mills of Punjab.

  30. Recovery improvement due to reduced non-cane of a sugar mill in Tamal Nadu, India A. Cane cost Source: Proceedings of the International Symposium on sugarcane in China, 2004

  31. CAUSES OF LOW CANE YIELD • Improper land preparation. • Lack of seed propagation facilities • Use of low seed rate • Planting time • Planting method • Inadequate and imbalanced fertilizer use • Improper method of fertilizer application • Scarcity of irrigation water • Weed infestation • Plant protection • Sowing of unapproved varieties • Poor management of ratoon crop

  32. Role of varieties in cane yield of sugarcane at JDW sugar mills, 1999-2000

  33. YIELD POTENTIAL (t/ha) OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES AT ABDULLAH SUGAR MILLS LIMITED, DEPALPUR(2000-2001)

  34. ROLE OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY TO INCREASE CANE YIELD

  35. Effect of planting methods on sugarcane yield 120 100 80 60 40 Method

  36. Cane yield affected by planting time & seed rate / Seed rate

  37. Effect of methods of fertilizer application on cane yield

  38. Cane yield response to weed control WEED CONTROL METHODS

  39. Comparison of September & March planting for yield and recovery

  40. SUGARCANE BASED INTER-CROPPING (Annual Report 1999-2003)

  41. Chemical composition of pressmud ofsome sugar mills of the Punjab

  42. Economic return of yield (Rs./ha) as affected by various treatments Stripped cane @ Rs. 40/- per 40 kg = Rs. 1020/- tonne Total cost of fertilizer NPK (168-112-112) kg per ha. = Rs. 9660/- ha Press mud cost @ Rs.102/- t (cost of 7.78 tonnes press mud) = Rs. 780/- ha

  43. FERTILIZER EXPENDITURE SAVING BY INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL (INORGANIC) AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER (PRESS-MUD)

  44. YIELD AT DIFFERENT METHODS OF IRRIGATION (AVERAGE OF TWO YEARS)

  45. ALTERNATE SKIP IRRIGATION

  46. ALTERNATE SKIP IRRIGATION METHOD

  47. Ratoonability of promising and approved sugarcane varieties

  48. IMPROVEMENT INVARIETAL COMPOSITION

  49. ACQUISITION OF FARMS BY THE SUGAR MILLS Each sugar mill should acquire at least 500-1000 acres land to establish model seed farms. The seed of approved and promising sugarcane varieties provided by Sugarcane Research Institutes will be multiplied at model farms for further propagation. At each farm sugarcane experts from research will supervise and demonstrate the latest production technologies.

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