1 / 17

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Cyclic Hydrocarbons. compounds that contain hydrocarbon rings. rings of 3 to 20 are found in nature 5 and 6 are most abundant Naming: place the prefix cyclo out front ex - cyclopentane general formula same as for an alkene. cyclooctane C 8 H 16. Name each:. cyclohexane C 6 H 12.

zeki
Télécharger la présentation

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cyclic Hydrocarbons • compounds that contain hydrocarbon rings. • rings of 3 to 20 are found in nature • 5 and 6 are most abundant • Naming: • place the prefix cyclo out front • ex - cyclopentane • general formula same as for an alkene

  2. cyclooctane C8H16 • Name each: cyclohexane C6H12 same cyclobutene C4H6

  3. Benzene C6H6know this Resonance - when one or more valid structures can be drawn. This makes a very stable molecule. Not as reactive as other 6 carbon alkenes Benzene is perfectly flat. Bending or twisting disrupts the double bonds. Chemist often use a circle to show the resonance in benzene.

  4. terms • Aliphatic compounds • hydrocarbons that do not contain rings • Arenes • unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons • Aromatic • old name for arenes • used because arenes smell good • now used to describe compounds that have bonding like benzene

  5. Naming compounds with benzene • If a hydrogen has been replaced with a substituent, name the substituent followed by the name benzene. • Examples - CH3 CH3 CH3 1,2-dimthylbenzene methylbenzene

  6. Naming compounds with benzene • If the benzene ring is a substituent of a carbon chain (an alkyl group) the name is changed to phenyl. • Example - C-C-C-C-C 3-phenylpentane

  7. cyclohexane phenylbenzene ethylbenzene 1-ethyl-3-propylbenzene propylbenzene 2-phenylpropane

  8. Natural gas and petroleum • Natural gas and petroleum are 2 important fossil fuels • They contain mostly aliphatic hydrocarbons • What is the major component of natural gas? • It is the same gas we use in the lab and to heat your domicile (home). • Methane - CH4

  9. Combustion reactions (a review) • Complete Combustion • CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O • Incomplete Combustion • CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + C + CO • You will be expected to be able to write balanced equations for combustion reactions.

  10. A combustion reaction

  11. Petroleum • Crude oil is refined before it is used. We just don’t use it directly out of the ground. • It is separated on the physical property of boiling points. This lab technique is called distillation. • The parts of crude oil are called fractions. • The process of breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller useful molecules is called cracking. • Petrochemicals - chemical used to make other products

  12. oil distillation

  13. Coal - another important fossil fuel • Coal consists of condensed ring compounds of extremely high molar mass. • Due to the high proportion of these aromatic compound, coal leaves more soot. So, burning petroleum has an environmental advantage. However, you get more energy out of coal. • Coal contains sulfur which produces SO2 and SO3, which in turn makes acid rain.

  14. Coal can be distilled to make • coal gas • hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide • all are flammable • coal tar • petrochemicals - benzene, toluene (methyl benzene), napthalene, phenol, pitch • Coke - a fuel used in industry • pure carbon - produces little smoke and burns with an intense heat • ammonia - cleaning product as well as being converted to ammonium sulfate for use as a fertilizer

  15. Wouldn’t it be nice your car ran on water?watch video • Info for demo. Read it.

More Related