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Business & Information Technology (BUSS 106)

Dhofar University College of Commerce and Business Administration (CCBA) Department of Management Information Systems (MIS). Business & Information Technology (BUSS 106) . For all Sections. Course Instructors:

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Business & Information Technology (BUSS 106)

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  1. Dhofar University • College of Commerce and Business Administration (CCBA) • Department of Management Information Systems (MIS) Business & Information Technology(BUSS 106) • For all Sections Course Instructors: Dr. Mohammad Aref, Dr. MirsobitMirusmonov, Dr. AbdelKaderDekdouk, Dr. Hedi Haddad, and Dr. Tareq Alhousary (coordinator)

  2. Part 1 Information & Communication Technology (ICT) in our Lives BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  3. View the following pictures and formulate a definition of the term ‘information technology’. Module 1 –Intro to CIS

  4. Introduction to computers and information technology Computer System, benefits: Think of one example for each of the following: Information systems/data processing systems Personal computing Education Entertainment Process/device control (Artificial Intelligence) Computer System, benefits Speed Reliability Consistency Accuracy Storage Communication

  5. Various computer systems applications Almost in all fields including: • Business • Medical field (industry and services) • Banking sector • Education • Service sector • Defense • Engineering and robotics • Entertainment BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  6. Business • Marketing: computer is mainly used for sales promotion. E.g. Designing advertisement, internet marketing (e-marketing), comparing the sales figures and studying the demand graph. • Production: it is used for making design of product. CAD (computer aided design), • Human Resource: computer is used in keeping the records of all the employees, recruitment and selection. • Finance: Help in making the financial statement (e.g. comparing the financial statements for two years, preparing budgets) BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  7. Medical field • Research: used in different pharmaceutical companies • Industry: production of medicine. • Health service: mainly used for keeping patients’ records, inventories of medicines and surgeries. • Diagnosis: CT scans, Ultra-sound, MRI, Blood test, electro-cardio gram, etc. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  8. Banking sector • Maintaining the records and storing the files instead of manual records. • Internet banking (e-banking) • Transaction from ATMs. • Bank sell their insurance online. • Bank provides 24x7 online service BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  9. Part 2 Information Systems in Global Business Today BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  10. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Societies mainly depend on the information • Information support to achieve desired objectives • Planning, organizing, decision making, … • IS process (handle) the data to be useful information • Through H/W, S/W, telecommunication, DB • IS computer systems related to process data and provide required information • ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  11. Old vs. New Business: Photography Old Business • You buy film at the store, insert it into your camera & take pictures. • Once you complete the film, sometimes weeks or months after you began the roll, you take it to the store for processing. • Go back to the store and pay for enlargements and duplications. • Send photos to family and friends. New Business • Use a digital camera that can also take videos. No film is needed, and no processing required. You can see the results immediately & enlarge & print photos quickly. • If your digital camera is connected to a wireless device (such as a palmtop computer or a cell phone) take pictures and see them within a few seconds. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  12. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • IS play vital role in business today Information Technology Capital Investment Information technology investment, defined as hardware, software, and communications equipment, grew from 34% to 50% between 1980 and 2004.Source: Based on data in U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts, 2006. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  13. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • How IS transforming business • Increased technology investments • IS provide economic value to business • Increased responsiveness to customer demands • Shifts in media and advertising and commerce • New federal security and accounting laws required • Globalizationopportunities • Internet reduced costs of operating, on global scale • Customers and firms • Using foreign markets, easily replicate service (globalized) E.g. Google and ebay BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  14. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Emerging digital firm • It’s significant business relationships are digitally enabled and mediated • It’s core business processes are accomplished through digital networks • Key corporate assets are managed digitally • Digital firms offer greater flexibility in organization and management BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  15. business process • Business process : tasks, rules, behaviors that been developed to produce business results. • eg. • Developing new product • Creating market plan • Hiring an employee • Considered source of competitive strength • IS automate many business process BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  16. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives: • Operational excellence • New products, services, and business models • Customer and supplier intimacy • Security and discretion and confidence • Improved decision making • Competitive advantage • Survival BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  17. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Operational excellence: • Improvement of efficiency of operation to attain higher profitability • Information technology tool to achieving greater efficiency and productivity >Practice business and management behavior based on IT (digital hardware and software). • E.g. Wal-Mart’s RetailLinksystemlinks directly suppliers to stores for superior replenishment (refill) system BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  18. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • New products, services, and business models: • Business model: describes how company produces, delivers, and sells product or service to create wealth • Information systems and technology a major enabling tool to offer new products, services. • E.g. Apple’s iPod, iTunes (onand Netflix’s Internet-based DVD rentals -demand internet streaming of multimedia movie and music) BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  19. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Customer and supplier intimacy: • customers are served by respecting their intimacy and their profile. • Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs, which lowers costs • E.g. J.C.Penney’s information system which links sales records to contract manufacturer BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  20. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Improved decision-making • Without accurate information: • Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck • Leads to: • Overproduction, underproduction of goods and services • Misallocation of resources • Poor response times • Poor outcomes raise costs, lose customers • IS provide real-time data for making decisions • E.g. Verizon’s Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers with real-time data on customer complaints, network performance, line outages, etc. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  21. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Competitive advantage • Achieve higher sales and profit through using IS by: • Doing things better • Charging less for superior products • real time Responding • Using the internet is competitive advantage • E.g. Dell: Consistent profitability over 25 years; Dell remains one of the most efficient producer of PCs in world. • But Dell has lost some of its advantages to fast followers-- HP BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  22. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today • Survival • Information technologies are necessity of doing business • Great adaptability to social and economic changes. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  23. IT services • ICT: H/W (hardware) and S/W (software) needed to achieve business objectives • IS: set of components that handle information to support Decision Making, problem analysis, control in an organization, coordination and create new product • Business: functions, processes, models, BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  24. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today The Interdependence Between Organizations and Information Technology There is a growing interdependence between a firm’s information systems and its business capabilities. Changes in strategy, rules, and business processes increasingly require changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. Often, what the organization would like to do depends on what its systems will permit it to do. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  25. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems • Information system: • Set of interrelated components • Collect, process, store, and distribute information By computers and software as a tool • Support decision making, coordination, control, problem analysis and create new product • Provide solutions to challenges in business Env. • Information vs. data • Data are streams of raw facts • Information is data shaped into meaningful form BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  26. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems Data and Information Process Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  27. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems Functions of an Information System An information system contains information about an organization and its surrounding environment. Three basic activities—input, processing, and output—produce the information organizations need. Feedback is output returned to appropriate people or activities in the organization to evaluate and refine the input. Environmental actors, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders, and regulatory agencies, interact with the organization and its information systems. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  28. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems • Information system: activities produce required information • Input: Captures raw data from organization or external environment • Processing: Converts data into meaningful form • Output: Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it • Feedback: Output returned to appropriate members of organization to help evaluate or correct input stage BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  29. Data, what is it? • It is raw facts, numbers or string. Feedback E.g. The list of all new students at DU in Fall 2012/2013 Counting male against female students. Calculate the percentage of female students. 63% of DU new intake is female students. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  30. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems • Computer/Computer program vs. information system • Computers and software are technical foundation and tools to store and process information • similar to the material and tools used to build a house • Cannot produce required information to a particular organization BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  31. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems Information Systems Are More Than Computers Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the environment. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  32. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems Levels in a Firm Business organizations are hierarchies consisting of three principal levels: senior management, middle management, and operational management. Information systems serve each of these levels. Scientists and knowledge workers often work with middle management. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  33. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems • Organizational dimension (cont.) • Experts are employed and trained for different business functions (tasks): • Sales and marketing • Human resources • Finance and accounting • Production and manufacturing BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  34. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems • Management dimension • Make decisions, formulate action plan and solve organizational problem • Managers set organizational strategy for responding to business challenges • In addition, managers must act creatively: • Creation of new products and services • Occasionally re-creating the organization BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  35. Management Information Systems Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today Perspectives on Information Systems • Technology dimension (we are next concerned by this part) • Computer hardware • Software: instructions that control H/W • Data management technology: S/W governing data • Networking and telecommunications technology • H/W and S/W link pieces of H/W and transfer data: Network, Internet, intranets and extranets, WWW • IT infrastructure: platform that the firm can built on its IS BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  36. Part 3 Computer System BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  37. Definition of Computer • It is an electronic calculating device (mathematical and logical operations). • It processes data with high speed and accuracy. It has huge memory to store the data. • It is a major component in business to send and receive data. • Technically, a computer is any counting device; more specifically, it is “...an electronic device capable of interpreting and executing programmed commands for input, output, computation, and logic operations (Long, 2005)” • Consequently, we can consider the computer system as a set of components that interact to achieve a common goal. The purpose, therefore, of a computer system is to use all its working components to produce quality information. BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  38. Classification of Computers BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  39. Generations of Computer BUSS 106_ Fall 2013-14

  40. Computer System, components: A computer system has only four fundamental components: Input –handles the gathering of data Processing –transformation of data to information Output –handles the dissemination of processed data Storage –safe keeping of information for future use • Note: The computer system (and not the computer) is made up of four components.

  41. Computer System, components: Input • An input device is any peripheral device that allows one to enter data or instructions into a computer. Computer System, components: Input Highlight five input devices that are commonly used today.

  42. INPUT cont’d Input cont’d

  43. Introduction to computers and information technology Computer System, components: Output • An output device is any peripheral device that conveys information to one or more individuals. Computer System, components: Output Highlight three output devices that are commonly used today.

  44. OUTPUT cont’d Output cont’d

  45. Computer System, components: Processing • The processor is the electronic component that interprets and carries out instructions to operate the computer system (which resides on the motherboard). Computer System, components: Processing

  46. PROCESSING cont’d Processing cont’d

  47. PROCESSING cont’d • A machine’s cycle consist of four stages: fetching, decoding, executing, and storing (some computers perform one instruction per cycle). Processing cont’d • Processors also contain registers, these are not a part of memory. Additionally, processors rely on the system clock, which controls the timing of all computer operations (allowing personal computers to process in GHz).

  48. Computer System, components: Storage • Storage components hold data, instruction, as well as information for future use; these items are kept on storage media (which are housed within the system unit). Computer System, components: Storage Highlight three storage media that are commonly used today.

  49. Storage • Storage, or memory, consists of electrical components that store instructions and data waiting to be executed by the processor, as well as their results. • The computer system stores three categories of items: OS and software; application programs; and data being processed. • Computer memory consist of two types of memory: volatile and non-volatile. An example of volatile memory is RAM, while ROM is and example of non-volatile memory. • It is also important to note at this point, that when information in memory is being accessed it can be retrieved sequentially or directly. Also the terms storage medium is singular, while storage media is plural; and storage devices are technology to get/store data. Storage

  50. Storage cont’d Storage cont’d

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